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A selected literature review of efficiency improvements in hydraulic turbines

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  • Liu, Xin
  • Luo, Yongyao
  • Karney, Bryan W.
  • Wang, Weizheng

Abstract

Knowing the efficiency of a hydraulic turbine has important operational and financial benefits to those who operate a plant. Historical efficiency and other data on turbine performance are essential for the informed selection and use of turbines. So having such a database from different manufactures is attractive. However, at present it is almost impossible to get a universal database to reflect the turbine characteristics. This paper reviewed a set of empirical equations to replacefull database which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve as a function of the commissioning date for the unit, rated head, rated flow and other main design parameters. Since the design theories, methods and tools of turbines are relatively mature, and the majority of turbine manufacturers have reached a level of know how which enables them to carry out hydraulically and structurally correct units to product high-performance turbines. This paper paid more attention to the design factors, which could influence the value of the practically attainable overall turbine efficiency. To quantify the effects of these factors, this paper investigated the influence of roughness and gap clearances on the internal leakage flow rate. Testing and CFD are the most two important tools in different design stages. This paper reviewed some key ideas and issues on the efficiency research in both. At last, improvement measures based on these above mentioned design factors were provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xin & Luo, Yongyao & Karney, Bryan W. & Wang, Weizheng, 2015. "A selected literature review of efficiency improvements in hydraulic turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 18-28.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:51:y:2015:i:c:p:18-28
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexander, K.V. & Giddens, E.P., 2008. "Optimum penstocks for low head microhydro schemes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 507-519.
    2. Padhy, Mamata Kumari & Saini, R.P., 2008. "A review on silt erosion in hydro turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(7), pages 1974-1987, September.
    3. Singh, Punit & Nestmann, Franz, 2011. "Experimental investigation of the influence of blade height and blade number on the performance of low head axial flow turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 272-281.
    4. Paish, Oliver, 2002. "Small hydro power: technology and current status," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 6(6), pages 537-556, December.
    5. Kumar, Pardeep & Saini, R.P., 2010. "Study of cavitation in hydro turbines--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 374-383, January.
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    1. Božić, Ivan & Benišek, Miroslav, 2016. "An improved formula for determination of secondary energy losses in the runner of Kaplan turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 537-546.
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    3. Zhumei Luo & Cong Nie & Shunli Lv & Tao Guo & Suoming Gao, 2022. "The Effect of J-Groove on Vortex Suppression and Energy Dissipation in a Draft Tube of Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
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    6. Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Ameen Mohammed Salih Ameen & Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy & Mumtaz Ali & Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan & Senlin Zhu & Ahmed Mohammed Sami Al-Janabi & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Tiyasha Tiyasha &, 2020. "State-of-the Art-Powerhouse, Dam Structure, and Turbine Operation and Vibrations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-40, February.
    7. Zeng, Chongji & Xiao, Yexiang & Luo, Yongyao & Zhang, Jin & Wang, Zhengwei & Fan, Honggang & Ahn, Soo-Hwang, 2018. "Hydraulic performance prediction of a prototype four-nozzle Pelton turbine by entire flow path simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 270-282.
    8. Gabl, Roman & Innerhofer, Daniel & Achleitner, Stefan & Righetti, Maurizio & Aufleger, Markus, 2018. "Evaluation criteria for velocity distributions in front of bulb hydro turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 745-756.
    9. Trivedi, Chirag & Agnalt, Einar & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2017. "Investigations of unsteady pressure loading in a Francis turbine during variable-speed operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 397-410.
    10. Iliev, Igor & Trivedi, Chirag & Dahlhaug, Ole Gunnar, 2019. "Variable-speed operation of Francis turbines: A review of the perspectives and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 109-121.
    11. Du, Jiyun & Yang, Hongxing & Shen, Zhicheng & Chen, Jian, 2017. "Micro hydro power generation from water supply system in high rise buildings using pump as turbines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 431-440.
    12. Muhirwa, Alexis & Cai, Wei-Hua & Su, Wen-Tao & Liu, Quanzhong & Binama, Maxime & Li, Biao & Wu, Jian, 2020. "A review on remedial attempts to counteract the power generation compromise from draft tubes of hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 743-764.
    13. Adnan Aslam Noon & Man-Hoe Kim, 2021. "Sediment and Cavitation Erosion in Francis Turbines—Review of Latest Experimental and Numerical Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Efstathios E. Michaelides, 2021. "Thermodynamics, Energy Dissipation, and Figures of Merit of Energy Storage Systems—A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-41, September.
    15. Sonawat, Arihant & Choi, Young-Seok & Kim, Kyung Min & Kim, Jin-Hyuk, 2020. "Parametric study on the sensitivity and influence of axial and radial clearance on the performance of a positive displacement hydraulic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    16. Zhe Ma & Baoshan Zhu & Cong Rao & Yonghong Shangguan, 2019. "Comprehensive Hydraulic Improvement and Parametric Analysis of a Francis Turbine Runner," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.
    17. Zhang, Yuning & Zhang, Yuning & Qian, Zhongdong & Ji, Bin & Wu, Yulin, 2016. "A review of microscopic interactions between cavitation bubbles and particles in silt-laden flow," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 303-318.

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