IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i13p3894-d584093.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Design of Experiments Applied to Francis Turbine Draft Tube to Minimize Pressure Pulsations and Energy Losses in Off-Design Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Arthur Favrel

    (Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan)

  • Nak-joong Lee

    (Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan)

  • Tatsuya Irie

    (Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan)

  • Kazuyoshi Miyagawa

    (Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan)

Abstract

This paper proposes an original approach to investigate the influence of the geometry of Francis turbines draft tube on pressure fluctuations and energy losses in off-design conditions. It is based on Design of Experiments (DOE) of the draft tube geometry and steady/unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the draft tube internal flow. The test case is a Francis turbine unit of specific speed N s = 120 m-kW which is required to operate continuously in off-design conditions, either with 45% (part-load) or 110% (full-load) of the design flow rate. Nine different draft tube geometries featuring a different set of geometrical parameters are first defined by an orthogonal array-based DOE approach. For each of them, unsteady and steady CFD simulations of the internal flow from guide vane to draft tube outlet are performed at part-load and full-load conditions, respectively. The influence of each geometrical parameter on both the flow instability and resulting pressure pulsations, as well as on energy losses in the draft tube, are investigated by applying an Analysis of Means (ANOM) to the numerical results. The whole methodology enables the identification of a set of geometrical parameters minimizing the pressure fluctuations occurring in part-load conditions as well as the energy losses in both full-load and part-load conditions while maintaining the requested pressure recovery. Finally, the results of the CFD simulations with the final draft tube geometry are compared with the results estimated by the ANOM, which demonstrates that the proposed methodology also enables a rough preliminary estimation of the draft tube losses and pressure fluctuations amplitude.

Suggested Citation

  • Arthur Favrel & Nak-joong Lee & Tatsuya Irie & Kazuyoshi Miyagawa, 2021. "Design of Experiments Applied to Francis Turbine Draft Tube to Minimize Pressure Pulsations and Energy Losses in Off-Design Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3894-:d:584093
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3894/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3894/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arispe, Tania M. & de Oliveira, Waldir & Ramirez, Ramiro G., 2018. "Francis turbine draft tube parameterization and analysis of performance characteristics using CFD techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 114-124.
    2. Valentín, David & Presas, Alexandre & Valero, Carme & Egusquiza, Mònica & Egusquiza, Eduard & Gomes, Joao & Avellan, François, 2020. "Transposition of the mechanical behavior from model to prototype of Francis turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 1011-1023.
    3. Kougias, Ioannis & Aggidis, George & Avellan, François & Deniz, Sabri & Lundin, Urban & Moro, Alberto & Muntean, Sebastian & Novara, Daniele & Pérez-Díaz, Juan Ignacio & Quaranta, Emanuele & Schild, P, 2019. "Analysis of emerging technologies in the hydropower sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Muhirwa, Alexis & Cai, Wei-Hua & Su, Wen-Tao & Liu, Quanzhong & Binama, Maxime & Li, Biao & Wu, Jian, 2020. "A review on remedial attempts to counteract the power generation compromise from draft tubes of hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 743-764.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhou, Xing & Hu, Xinyi & Huang, Quanshui & Wu, Hegao & Tang, Xiaodan & Cervantes, Michel J., 2024. "Optimization design of an innovative francis draft tube: Insight into improving operational flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Ivana Lučin & Ante Sikirica & Marija Šiško Kuliš & Zoran Čarija, 2022. "Investigation of Efficient Optimization Approach to the Modernization of Francis Turbine Draft Tube Geometry," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(21), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Zhou, Xing & Wu, Hegao & Cheng, Li & Huang, Quanshui & Shi, Changzheng, 2023. "A new draft tube shape optimisation methodology of introducing inclined conical diffuser in hydraulic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Raul-Alexandru Szakal & Alexandru Doman & Sebastian Muntean, 2021. "Influence of the Reshaped Elbow on the Unsteady Pressure Field in a Simplified Geometry of the Draft Tube," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Zhou, Ling & Hang, Jianwei & Bai, Ling & Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & El-Emam, Mahmoud A. & Yasser, Eman & Agarwal, Ramesh, 2022. "Application of entropy production theory for energy losses and other investigation in pumps and turbines: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    3. Zhou, Xing & Wu, Hegao & Cheng, Li & Huang, Quanshui & Shi, Changzheng, 2023. "A new draft tube shape optimisation methodology of introducing inclined conical diffuser in hydraulic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    4. Dollon, Q. & Antoni, J. & Tahan, A. & Gagnon, M. & Monette, C., 2021. "Operational Modal Analysis of hydroelectric turbines using an order based likelihood approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 799-811.
    5. Zhou, Xing & Hu, Xinyi & Huang, Quanshui & Wu, Hegao & Tang, Xiaodan & Cervantes, Michel J., 2024. "Optimization design of an innovative francis draft tube: Insight into improving operational flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    6. Zhou, Xing & Shi, Changzheng & Miyagawa, Kazuyoshi & Wu, Hegao, 2021. "Effect of modified draft tube with inclined conical diffuser on flow instabilities in Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 606-617.
    7. Thomas Pirard & Vasileios Kitsikoudis & Sebastien Erpicum & Michel Pirotton & Pierre Archambeau & Benjamin Dewals, 2022. "Discharge Redistribution as a Key Process for Heuristic Optimization of Energy Production with Pumps as Turbines in a Water Distribution Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(4), pages 1237-1250, March.
    8. Ewa Chomać-Pierzecka & Andrzej Kokiel & Joanna Rogozińska-Mitrut & Anna Sobczak & Dariusz Soboń & Jacek Stasiak, 2022. "Hydropower in the Energy Market in Poland and the Baltic States in the Light of the Challenges of Sustainable Development-An Overview of the Current State and Development Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, October.
    9. Eva Bílková & Jiří Souček & Martin Kantor & Roman Kubíček & Petr Nowak, 2023. "Variable-Speed Propeller Turbine for Small Hydropower Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-14, April.
    10. Krzysztof Bartczak & Stanisław Łobejko, 2022. "The Implementation Environment for a Digital Technology Platform of Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-16, August.
    11. Alerci, A.L. & Vagnoni, E. & Paolone, M., 2023. "Structural impact of the start-up sequence on Pelton turbines lifetime: Analytical prediction and polynomial optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    12. Paweł Tomczyk & Mirosław Wiatkowski, 2021. "The Effects of Hydropower Plants on the Physicochemical Parameters of the Bystrzyca River in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-29, April.
    13. Rudimar Caricimi & Géremi Gilson Dranka & Dalmarino Setti & Paula Ferreira, 2022. "Reframing the Selection of Hydraulic Turbines Integrating Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy VIKOR Multi-Criteria Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-26, October.
    14. Jun-Won Suh & Seung-Jun Kim & Hyeon-Mo Yang & Moo-Sung Kim & Won-Gu Joo & Jungwan Park & Jin-Hyuk Kim & Young-Seok Choi, 2021. "A Comparative Study of the Scale Effect on the S-Shaped Characteristics of a Pump-Turbine Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-29, January.
    15. Hansen, Carly & Musa, Mirko & Sasthav, Colin & DeNeale, Scott, 2021. "Hydropower development potential at non-powered dams: Data needs and research gaps," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    16. Nirmal Acharya & Saroj Gautam & Sailesh Chitrakar & Chirag Trivedi & Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2021. "Leakage Vortex Progression through a Guide Vane’s Clearance Gap and the Resulting Pressure Fluctuation in a Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.
    17. Phoevos (Foivos) Koukouvinis & John Anagnostopoulos, 2023. "State of the Art in Designing Fish-Friendly Turbines: Concepts and Performance Indicators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, March.
    18. Emanuele Quaranta & Manuel Bonjean & Damiano Cuvato & Christophe Nicolet & Matthieu Dreyer & Anthony Gaspoz & Samuel Rey-Mermet & Bruno Boulicaut & Luigi Pratalata & Marco Pinelli & Giuseppe Tomaselli, 2020. "Hydropower Case Study Collection: Innovative Low Head and Ecologically Improved Turbines, Hydropower in Existing Infrastructures, Hydropeaking Reduction, Digitalization and Governing Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-78, October.
    19. Kan, Kan & Binama, Maxime & Chen, Huixiang & Zheng, Yuan & Zhou, Daqing & Su, Wentao & Muhirwa, Alexis, 2022. "Pump as turbine cavitation performance for both conventional and reverse operating modes: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    20. Kemi Adeyeye & John Gallagher & Helena M. Ramos & Aonghus McNabola, 2022. "The Social Return Potential of Micro Hydropower in Water Networks Based on Demonstrator Examples," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:3894-:d:584093. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.