Function promotion of SO42−/Al2O3–SnO2 catalyst for biodiesel production from sewage sludge

Catalysts are critical materials for biodiesel production using sewage sludge feedstock. In this research, different SO42−/Al2O3–SnO2 catalysts were prepared and characterized. The catalysts prepared at different conditions were characterized through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), NH3 adsorption FT-IR, and TGA. Then, esterification/transesterification reaction was performed with the lipid extracted from sewage sludge to verify the activity of these catalysts. Results showed that the catalysts with n(Al):n(Sn) = 1:10 prepared by 79 wt% H2SO4 possessed the best physical properties with a large number of active catalytic sites, which led to the biodiesel yield of 73.3% (based on dried extracted crude fat) under the optimized reaction conditions at 130 °C as reaction temperature, 0.8 g as catalyst loading for lipids extracted from 10 g freeze-dried sludge, 4 h as reaction time. Catalysts characterization results showed that acidity, acid sites and Al/Sn molar ratio play an important role in the activity of catalysts. The thermal properties showed that 450 °C was the suitable calcination temperature for catalyst preparation. The optimized SO42−/Al2O3–SnO2 catalyst in this research will have a bright future in the field of sludge production of biodiesel.