IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v78y2019icp87-97.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cruise ship emissions in Norwegian waters: A geographical analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Simonsen, Morten
  • Gössling, Stefan
  • Walnum, Hans Jakob

Abstract

Cruises are one of the fastest growing and most energy-intense tourism segments, accounting for significant emissions of greenhouse gases, as well as air pollutants such as nitrous oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5). International measures to limit the sector's environmental impacts have so far had no significant effects. This highlights the importance of national, regional or port-specific policies, as implemented or in planning by countries such as Norway. In order to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of such policies, it is necessary to better understand emissions. This paper models the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), NOx, and PM2.5 emitted at sea and in port in Norwegian waters. Results show that 81 cruise ships of various sizes sailed Norwegian waters in 2017, consuming 129,798 t of fuel and emitting 0.4 Mt of CO2, as well as 7184 t of NOx and 132 t of PM2.5. About 14.6% of these pollutants are deposited in ports, particularly Bergen, Oslo and Stavanger. Findings also confirm considerable differences in the environmental performance of cruise ships, and can be used to design maritime policies forcing cruise operators to introduce cleaner technologies and to rethink operational practices.

Suggested Citation

  • Simonsen, Morten & Gössling, Stefan & Walnum, Hans Jakob, 2019. "Cruise ship emissions in Norwegian waters: A geographical analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 87-97.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:78:y:2019:i:c:p:87-97
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.05.014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692318309116
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.05.014?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johnson, David, 2002. "Environmentally sustainable cruise tourism: a reality check," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 261-270, July.
    2. Magnus S. Eide & Øyvind Endresen & Rolf Skjong & Tore Longva & Sverre Alvik, 2009. "Cost-effectiveness assessment of CO 2 reducing measures in shipping," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 367-384, August.
    3. Tichavska, Miluše & Tovar, Beatriz, 2015. "Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 347-360.
    4. N. Künzli & R. Kaiser & S. Medina & M. Studnicka & O. Chanel & P. Filliger & M. Herry & F. Horak & V. Puybonnieux-Texier & Philippe Quénel & Jodi Schneider & R. Seethaler & Jean-Christophe Vergnaud & , 2000. "Public health Impact of Outdoor and Traffic related Air Pollution," Post-Print halshs-00150955, HAL.
    5. S. Papaefthimiou & I. Sitzimis & K. Andriosopoulos, 2017. "A methodological approach for environmental characterization of ports," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 81-93, January.
    6. Michael Traut & Alice Larkin & Kevin Anderson & Christophe McGlade & Maria Sharmina & Tristan Smith, 2018. "CO2 abatement goals for international shipping," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(8), pages 1066-1075, September.
    7. Huan Liu & Mingliang Fu & Xinxin Jin & Yi Shang & Drew Shindell & Greg Faluvegi & Cary Shindell & Kebin He, 2016. "Health and climate impacts of ocean-going vessels in East Asia," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(11), pages 1037-1041, November.
    8. Gilbert, Paul & Bows, Alice, 2012. "Exploring the scope for complementary sub-global policy to mitigate CO2 from shipping," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 613-622.
    9. Francesco Baldi & Fredrik Ahlgren & Tuong-Van Nguyen & Marcus Thern & Karin Andersson, 2018. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Cruise Ship," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-41, September.
    10. Bonilla-Priego, Mª Jesús & Font, Xavier & Pacheco-Olivares, Mª del Rosario, 2014. "Corporate sustainability reporting index and baseline data for the cruise industry," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 149-160.
    11. Morten Simonsen & Hans Jakob Walnum & Stefan Gössling, 2018. "Model for Estimation of Fuel Consumption of Cruise Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-29, April.
    12. Alice Bows-Larkin, 2015. "All adrift: aviation, shipping, and climate change policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(6), pages 681-702, November.
    13. Howitt, Oliver J.A. & Revol, Vincent G.N. & Smith, Inga J. & Rodger, Craig J., 2010. "Carbon emissions from international cruise ship passengers' travel to and from New Zealand," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 2552-2560, May.
    14. P. Filliger & M. Herry & F. Horak & V. Puybonnieux-Texier & P. Quenel & J. Schneider & R.K. Seethaler & J.C. Vernaud & H. Sommer & N. Künzli & R. Kaiser & S. Medina & M. Studnicka & Olivier Chanel, 2000. "Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment," Post-Print hal-01462907, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yan, Zhaojin & Xiao, Yijia & Cheng, Liang & Chen, Song & Zhou, Xiao & Ruan, Xiaoguang & Li, Manchun & He, Rong & Ran, Bin, 2020. "Analysis of global marine oil trade based on automatic identification system (AIS) data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Araks Ekmekçioğlu & Kaan Ünlügençoğlu & Uğur Buğra Çelebi, 2022. "Estimation of shipping emissions based on real-time data with different methods: A case study of an oceangoing container ship," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4451-4470, March.
    3. Giovani T. T. Vieira & Derick Furquim Pereira & Seyed Iman Taheri & Khalid S. Khan & Mauricio B. C. Salles & Josep M. Guerrero & Bruno S. Carmo, 2022. "Optimized Configuration of Diesel Engine-Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Power Systems in a Platform Supply Vessel to Reduce CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-34, March.
    4. Alejandro Vega-Muñoz & Guido Salazar-Sepulveda & Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia & Jonathan Sanhueza-Vergara, 2021. "How to Measure Environmental Performance in Ports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Li, Yiliang & Bai, Xiwen & Wang, Qi & Ma, Zhongjun, 2022. "A big data approach to cargo type prediction and its implications for oil trade estimation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    6. Liling Huang & Yong Tan & Xiongping Yue, 2024. "Optimizing Route and Speed under the Sulfur Emission Control Areas for a Cruise Liner: A New Strategy Considering Route Competitiveness and Low Carbon," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.
    7. Styliani Livaniou & Georgios Chatzistelios & Dimitrios V. Lyridis & Evangelos Bellos, 2022. "LNG vs. MDO in Marine Fuel Emissions Tracking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, March.
    8. Jianping Zha & Rong Fan & Yao Yao & Lamei He & Yuanyuan Meng, 2021. "Framework for accounting for tourism carbon emissions in China: An industrial linkage perspective," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(7), pages 1430-1460, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morten Simonsen & Hans Jakob Walnum & Stefan Gössling, 2018. "Model for Estimation of Fuel Consumption of Cruise Ships," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-29, April.
    2. Vicente-Cera, Isaías & Acevedo-Merino, Asunción & Nebot, Enrique & López-Ramírez, Juan Antonio, 2020. "Analyzing cruise ship itineraries patterns and vessels diversity in ports of the European maritime region: A hierarchical clustering approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    3. Eunice O. Olaniyi & Gunnar Prause & Vera Gerasimova & Tommi Inkinen, 2022. "Clean Cruise Shipping: Experience from the BSR," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Styliani Livaniou & Georgios Chatzistelios & Dimitrios V. Lyridis & Evangelos Bellos, 2022. "LNG vs. MDO in Marine Fuel Emissions Tracking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-12, March.
    5. Meelan Thondoo & David Rojas-Rueda & Joyeeta Gupta & Daniel H. de Vries & Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, 2019. "Systematic Literature Review of Health Impact Assessments in Low and Middle-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, June.
    6. Poudenx, Pascal, 2008. "The effect of transportation policies on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission from urban passenger transportation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 901-909, July.
    7. Lars Hein & Pete Roberts & Lucia Gonzalez, 2016. "Valuing a Statistical Life Year in Relation to Clean Air," Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(04), pages 1-24, December.
    8. Lin-Yu Xu & Hao Yin & Xiao-Dong Xie, 2014. "Health Risk Assessment of Inhalable Particulate Matter in Beijing Based on the Thermal Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-21, November.
    9. Samakovlis, Eva & Huhtala, Anni & Bellander, Tom & Svartengren, Magnus, 2005. "Valuing health effects of air pollution--Focus on concentration-response functions," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 230-249, September.
    10. Yun-Gi Lee & Pureun-Haneul Lee & Seon-Muk Choi & Min-Hyeok An & An-Soo Jang, 2021. "Effects of Air Pollutants on Airway Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-17, September.
    11. Joanna Kizielewicz, 2020. "Measuring the Economic and Social Contribution of Cruise Tourism Development to Coastal Tourist Destinations," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 147-171.
    12. Pock, Markus, 2007. "Gasoline and Diesel Demand in Europe: New Insights," Economics Series 202, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    13. Di Vaio, Assunta & Varriale, Luisa & Trujillo, Lourdes, 2019. "Management Control Systems in port waste management: Evidence from Italy," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 127-135.
    14. André de Palma & Néjia Zaouali, 2007. "Monétarisation des externalités de transport : un état de l'art," THEMA Working Papers 2007-08, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
    15. Bolbot, Victor & Trivyza, Nikoletta L. & Theotokatos, Gerasimos & Boulougouris, Evangelos & Rentizelas, Athanasios & Vassalos, Dracos, 2020. "Cruise ships power plant optimisation and comparative analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    16. Angelo Antoci & Simone Borghesi, 2010. "Environmental degradation, self-protection choices and coordination failures in a North–South evolutionary model," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 5(1), pages 89-107, June.
    17. Laura S. Fruhen & Patrick Benetti & Lisette Kanse & Isabel Rossen, 2023. "Why Not Pedal for the Planet? The Role of Perceived Norms for Driver Aggression as a Deterrent to Cycling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-14, March.
    18. Budy P. Resosudarmo & Lucentezza Napitupulu, 2004. "Health and Economic Impact of Air Pollution in Jakarta," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 80(s1), pages 65-75, September.
    19. Jihwan Jang & Jonghui Choi & Hoseung Yi & Sungwook Park, 2020. "Effects of the Bore to Stroke Ratio on Combustion, Gaseous and Particulate Emissions in a Small Port Fuel Injection Engine Fueled with Ethanol Blended Gasoline," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, January.
    20. Lu-Yi Qiu & Ling-Yun He, 2017. "Can Green Traffic Policies Affect Air Quality? Evidence from A Difference-in-Difference Estimation in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-10, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:78:y:2019:i:c:p:87-97. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.