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Wherever you go, there you become: How mindfulness arises in everyday situations

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  • Reina, Christopher S.
  • Kudesia, Ravi S.

Abstract

In this article, we suggest that mindfulness is not something entirely inherent within people but is partly elicited and shaped by situations. Integrating research on metacognitive practice and self-regulation, we introduce a theoretical framework that explains how mindfulness arises based on capacity for self-regulation as well as three motivational forces: metacognitive beliefs that drive resources into self-regulation, mental fatigue that draws resources away from self-regulation, and situational appraisals that influence how much self-regulation is needed to maintain mindfulness. Across three experience sampling studies that include 558 participants and 9,390 responses, we find that: mindfulness depends less on people’s overall capacity for self-regulation than it does on the metacognitive beliefs that motivate them to allocate their resources, these metacognitive beliefs can compensate for the negative role of mental fatigue, and situations can influence mindfulness both by pulling attention toward tasks (e.g., with challenging tasks) and away from them (e.g., with organizational hindrances). In sum, this article clarifies the understudied antecedents of mindfulness through a theoretical framework and empirical findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Reina, Christopher S. & Kudesia, Ravi S., 2020. "Wherever you go, there you become: How mindfulness arises in everyday situations," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 78-96.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jobhdp:v:159:y:2020:i:c:p:78-96
    DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.11.008
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    Cited by:

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    2. Masters-Waage, Theodore C. & Nai, Jared & Reb, Jochen & Sim, Samantha & Narayanan, Jayanth & Tan, Noriko, 2021. "Going far together by being here now: Mindfulness increases cooperation in negotiations," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 189-205.
    3. Dust, Scott B. & Liu, Haiyang & Wang, Siting & Reina, Christopher, 2022. "The effect of mindfulness and job demands on motivation and performance trajectories across the workweek: an entrainment theory perspective," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 108445, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Chienchung Huang & Xiaoxia Xie & Shannon P. Cheung & Yuqing Zhou & Ganghui Ying, 2021. "Job Demands, Resources, and Burnout in Social Workers in China: Mediation Effect of Mindfulness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Açıkgöz, Atif & Latham, Gary P., 2022. "Self-Set learning goals and service performance in a gig economy: A Moderated-Mediation role of improvisation and mindful metacognition," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1553-1563.
    6. Xiaomin Chen & Xinmei Deng, 2022. "Differences in Emotional Conflict Processing between High and Low Mindfulness Adolescents: An ERP Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-11, March.
    7. Adam Pervez & Graham H. Lowman & Maura J. Mills, 2022. "Mindfulness as Facilitating Expatriate Development: Advancing Knowledge Sharing and Promoting Cultural Adjustment Abroad," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 427-447, June.
    8. Chien-Chung Huang & Yuanfa Tan & Shannon P. Cheung & Hongwei Hu, 2021. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Well-Being in Chinese College Students: Mediation Effect of Mindfulness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-12, February.
    9. Chen, Yafan & Xie, Xiaoxia & Huang, Chien-Chung, 2021. "Resilience of vocational students with disadvantaged characteristics in China: The role of mindfulness," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).

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