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Halfspace Depth and Regression Depth Characterize the Empirical Distribution

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  • Struyf, Anja J.
  • Rousseeuw, Peter J.

Abstract

For multivariate data, the halfspace depth function can be seen as a natural and affine equivariant generalization of the univariate empirical cdf. For any multivariate data set, we show that the resulting halfspace depth function completely determines the empirical distribution. We do this by actually reconstructing the data points from the depth contours. The data need not be in general position. Moreover, we prove the same property for regression depth.

Suggested Citation

  • Struyf, Anja J. & Rousseeuw, Peter J., 1999. "Halfspace Depth and Regression Depth Characterize the Empirical Distribution," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 135-153, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:69:y:1999:i:1:p:135-153
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    Cited by:

    1. Hassairi, Abdelhamid & Regaieg, Ons, 2008. "On the Tukey depth of a continuous probability distribution," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(15), pages 2308-2313, October.
    2. Christmann, Andreas, 2004. "Regression depth and support vector machine," Technical Reports 2004,54, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    3. Mia Hubert & Peter Rousseeuw & Pieter Segaert, 2015. "Multivariate functional outlier detection," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 24(2), pages 177-202, July.
    4. Christmann, Andreas & Steinwart, Ingo, 2005. "Consistency and robustness of kernel based regression," Technical Reports 2005,01, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    5. Koshevoy, Gleb A., 2002. "The Tukey Depth Characterizes the Atomic Measure," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(2), pages 360-364, November.
    6. Hamel, Andreas H. & Kostner, Daniel, 2018. "Cone distribution functions and quantiles for multivariate random variables," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 97-113.
    7. Marc Hallin & Zudi Lu & Davy Paindaveine & Miroslav Siman, 2012. "Local Constant and Local Bilinear Multiple-Output Quantile Regression," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2012-003, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    8. Stanislav Nagy, 2021. "Halfspace depth does not characterize probability distributions," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1135-1139, June.
    9. Petra Laketa & Stanislav Nagy, 2022. "Halfspace depth for general measures: the ray basis theorem and its consequences," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 849-883, June.
    10. Wei, Bei & Lee, Stephen M.S., 2012. "Second-order accuracy of depth-based bootstrap confidence regions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 112-123.
    11. Christmann, Andreas & Steinwart, Ingo & Hubert, Mia, 2006. "Robust Learning from Bites for Data Mining," Technical Reports 2006,03, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    12. Yi He & John H. J. Einmahl, 2017. "Estimation of extreme depth-based quantile regions," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 79(2), pages 449-461, March.
    13. Gather, Ursula & Davies, P. Laurie, 2004. "Robust Statistics," Papers 2004,20, Humboldt University of Berlin, Center for Applied Statistics and Economics (CASE).
    14. Kong, Linglong & Zuo, Yijun, 2010. "Smooth depth contours characterize the underlying distribution," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(9), pages 2222-2226, October.
    15. Christmann, Andreas & Steinwart, Ingo, 2003. "On robustness properties of convex risk minimization methods for pattern recognition," Technical Reports 2003,15, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    16. Gather, Ursula & Fried, Roland & Lanius, Vivian, 2005. "Robust detail-preserving signal extraction," Technical Reports 2005,54, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    17. Schettlinger, Karen & Fried, Roland & Gather, Ursula, 2006. "Robust Filters for Intensive Care Monitoring: Beyond the Running Median," Technical Reports 2006,23, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    18. Lanius, Vivian & Gather, Ursula, 2007. "Robust online signal extraction from multivariate time series," Technical Reports 2007,38, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    19. Bernholt, Thorsten & Nunkesser, Robin & Schettlinger, Karen, 2005. "Computing the Least Quartile Difference Estimator in the Plane," Technical Reports 2005,51, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
    20. Jonas Baillien & Irène Gijbels & Anneleen Verhasselt, 2023. "Flexible asymmetric multivariate distributions based on two-piece univariate distributions," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 75(1), pages 159-200, February.
    21. Laketa, Petra & Nagy, Stanislav, 2021. "Reconstruction of atomic measures from their halfspace depth," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    22. Xiaohui Liu & Karl Mosler & Pavlo Mozharovskyi, 2017. "Fast computation of Tukey trimmed regions and median in dimension p > 2," Working Papers 2017-71, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.

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