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Board diversity and its effects on bank performance: An international analysis

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  • García-Meca, Emma
  • García-Sánchez, Isabel-María
  • Martínez-Ferrero, Jennifer

Abstract

This study analyses the effect of board diversity (gender and nationality) on performance in banks. By making use of a sample of 159 banks in nine countries during the period 2004–2010, our empirical evidence shows that gender diversity increases bank performance, while national diversity inhibits it. Complementarily, according to their institutional characteristics, we also show the moderating effect of investor protection and bank regulatory regime on this previous relationship, analysing their substitution or complementary roles. Our results also suggest that these institutional factors play a significant role in these effects. They show that in contexts of weaker regulatory and lower investor protection environments, board diversity has less influence on the performance of banks.

Suggested Citation

  • García-Meca, Emma & García-Sánchez, Isabel-María & Martínez-Ferrero, Jennifer, 2015. "Board diversity and its effects on bank performance: An international analysis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 202-214.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:53:y:2015:i:c:p:202-214
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.002
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    Cited by:

    1. Owen, Ann L. & Temesvary, Judit, 2018. "The performance effects of gender diversity on bank boards," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 50-63.
    2. Abou-El-Sood, Heba, 2021. "Board gender diversity, power, and bank risk taking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    3. Owen, Ann L. & Temesvary, Judit, 2019. "CEO compensation, pay inequality, and the gender diversity of bank board of directors," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 276-279.
    4. Valeria Gattai & Piergiovanna Natale & Francesca Rossi, 2022. "Board Diversity and Outward FDI: Evidence from Europe," Working Papers 491, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised Mar 2022.
    5. Cao, Chunfang & Li, Xiaohui & Li, Xiaoyang & Zeng, Cheng & Zhou, Xuan, 2021. "Diversity and inclusion: Evidence from corporate inventors," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 295-316.
    6. Ndaman Abdullahi & Bello Lawal, 2023. "Directors’ Diversity and the Economic Value of Equity," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 10(2), pages 23-36, May.
    7. Balachandran, Balasingham & Williams, Barry, 2018. "Effective governance, financial markets, financial institutions & crises," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1-15.
    8. Felipe Arenas-Torres & Miguel Bustamante-Ubilla & Roberto Campos-Troncoso, 2021. "Diversity of the Board of Directors and Financial Performance of the Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-11, October.
    9. Shoukat Ali & Ramiz Ur Rehman & Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad & Joe Ueng, 2021. "Does Board Diversity Attract Foreign Institutional Ownership? Insights from the Chinese Equity Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, October.
    10. Felipe Arenas-Torres & Miguel Bustamante-Ubilla & Valentín Santander-Ramírez & Pedro Severino-González, 2022. "Diversity and Governance: Is There Really Progress?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    11. Mavrakana, Christina & Psillaki, Maria, 2019. "Do board structure and compensation matter for bank stability and bank performance? Evidence from European banks," MPRA Paper 95776, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. V.M. Morais Pereira & J.A. Candeias Bonito Filipe, 2018. "Quality of Board Members’ Training and Bank Financial Performance: Evidence from Portugal," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(3), pages 47-79.
    13. Laura Padilla-Angulo, 2020. "The impact of board diversity on strategic change: a stakeholder perspective," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(4), pages 927-952, December.
    14. Justin Law & Wayne Yu, 2018. "Corporate spinoffs and executive compensation," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, December.
    15. Ghosh, Saibal, 2017. "Why is it a man’s world, after all? Women on bank boards in India," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 109-121.
    16. Gulati, Rachita, 2022. "Bank ownership and governance quality in India: Evolution and detection of convergence clubs," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    17. Shoukat Ali & Ramiz ur Rehman & Wang Yuan & Muhammad Ishfaq Ahmad & Rizwan Ali, 2022. "Does foreign institutional ownership mediate the nexus between board diversity and the risk of financial distress? A case of an emerging economy of China," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(3), pages 553-581, September.
    18. Oumeima Kacem & Sana El Harbi, 2022. "Do risk governance and effective board affect bank performance? Evidence from large banks worldwide," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(4), pages 461-483, December.
    19. Zeineb Ouni & Jamal Ben Mansour & Sana Arfaoui, 2022. "Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: The Interplay of Board Gender Diversity and Intellectual Capital," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    20. repec:ers:journl:v:vi:y:2018:i:3:p:47-79 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Gattai, Valeria & Natale, Piergiovanna & Rossi, Francesca, 2023. "Board diversity and outward FDI: Evidence from europe," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    22. Yunieta Anny Nainggolan & Dianita Indah Prahmila & Annisa Rizkia Syaputri, 2023. "Do board characteristics affect bank risk-taking and performance? Evidence from Indonesian and Malaysian Islamic banks," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(4), pages 1115-1145, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Corporate governance; Board diversity; Gender; Performance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • M14 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility
    • M41 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Accounting

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