IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v45y2012i1p753-761.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An experimental evaluation of the greenhouse effect in the substitution of R134a with CO2

Author

Listed:
  • Aprea, C.
  • Greco, A.
  • Maiorino, A.

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of R314a substitution with a natural refrigerant fluid. Attention is devoted to the evaluation of the environmental impact, in terms of greenhouse effect. R134a and R744 (CO2) are compared to one another. The hydrofluorocarbon R134a has a large direct warming impact (GWP), whereas the R744 contribution is negligible. The greenhouse effect is determined by the experimental evaluation of the TEWI index (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) that takes into account both direct and indirect contributions to global warming. This paper compares a commercial R134a refrigeration plant and a prototype R744 system working in a trans-critical cycle. The experimental results clearly show that the latter has a larger TEWI than the system operating with R134a. The indirect contribution to global warming provided by R744 is always greater than that of R134a. This contribution prevails in most cases. Only few operating conditions corresponding to a refrigerating plant working as a classical split system benefits, in terms of greenhouse effect, of the substitution of R134a with R744.

Suggested Citation

  • Aprea, C. & Greco, A. & Maiorino, A., 2012. "An experimental evaluation of the greenhouse effect in the substitution of R134a with CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 753-761.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:753-761
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.07.015
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544212005452
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2012.07.015?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Psomopoulos, C.S. & Skoula, I. & Karras, C. & Chatzimpiros, A. & Chionidis, M., 2010. "Electricity savings and CO2 emissions reduction in buildings sector: How important the network losses are in the calculation?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 485-490.
    2. Quadrelli, Roberta & Peterson, Sierra, 2007. "The energy-climate challenge: Recent trends in CO2 emissions from fuel combustion," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 5938-5952, November.
    3. Tao, Y.B. & He, Y.L. & Tao, W.Q., 2010. "Exergetic analysis of transcritical CO2 residential air-conditioning system based on experimental data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 3065-3072, October.
    4. Aprea, Ciro & Maiorino, Angelo, 2011. "An experimental investigation of the global environmental impact of the R22 retrofit with R422D," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1161-1170.
    5. Aprea, Ciro & Maiorino, Angelo, 2009. "Heat rejection pressure optimization for a carbon dioxide split system: An experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(11), pages 2373-2380, November.
    6. Malla, Sunil, 2009. "CO2 emissions from electricity generation in seven Asia-Pacific and North American countries: A decomposition analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-9, January.
    7. Bolaji, B.O., 2010. "Experimental study of R152a and R32 to replace R134a in a domestic refrigerator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3793-3798.
    8. Zilio, Claudio & Brown, J. Steven & Schiochet, Giovanni & Cavallini, Alberto, 2011. "The refrigerant R1234yf in air conditioning systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 6110-6120.
    9. Navarro-Esbrí, J. & Cabello, R. & Torrella, E., 2005. "Experimental evaluation of the internal heat exchanger influence on a vapour compression plant energy efficiency working with R22, R134a and R407C," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 621-636.
    10. Weber, Céline & Koyama, Michihisa & Kraines, Steven, 2006. "CO2-emissions reduction potential and costs of a decentralized energy system for providing electricity, cooling and heating in an office-building in Tokyo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(14), pages 3041-3061.
    11. Richter, M.R. & Song, S.M. & Yin, J.M. & Kim, M.H. & Bullard, C.W. & Hrnjak, P.S., 2003. "Experimental results of transcritical CO2 heat pump for residential application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(10), pages 1005-1019.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anas F. A. Elbarghthi & Mohammad Yousef Hdaib & Václav Dvořák, 2021. "A Novel Generator Design Utilised for Conventional Ejector Refrigeration Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Gao, Yu & He, Guogeng & Cai, Dehua & Fan, Mingjing, 2020. "Performance evaluation of a modified R290 dual-evaporator refrigeration cycle using two-phase ejector as expansion device," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    3. Kutub Uddin & Bidyut Baran Saha, 2022. "An Overview of Environment-Friendly Refrigerants for Domestic Air Conditioning Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-24, October.
    4. Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen & Sheikhpour, Mojgan & Mahian, Omid & Yan, Wei-Mon & Wongwises, Somchai, 2018. "Applications of eco-friendly refrigerants and nanorefrigerants: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 91-99.
    5. Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & Barbosa, Jader R. & Makhnatch, Pavel & Lozano, Jaime A., 2020. "Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aprea, Ciro & Maiorino, Angelo, 2011. "An experimental investigation of the global environmental impact of the R22 retrofit with R422D," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1161-1170.
    2. Yang, Zhao & Wu, Xi, 2013. "Retrofits and options for the alternatives to HCFC-22," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-21.
    3. Aprea, Ciro & Maiorino, Angelo & Mastrullo, Rita, 2011. "Change in energy performance as a result of a R422D retrofit: An experimental analysis for a vapor compression refrigeration plant for a walk-in cooler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4742-4748.
    4. Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen & Sheikhpour, Mojgan & Mahian, Omid & Yan, Wei-Mon & Wongwises, Somchai, 2018. "Applications of eco-friendly refrigerants and nanorefrigerants: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 91-99.
    5. Chung, Hyun Joon & Baek, Changhyun & Kang, Hoon & Kim, Dongwoo & Kim, Yongchan, 2018. "Performance evaluation of a gas injection CO2 heat pump according to operating parameters in extreme heating and cooling conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 337-345.
    6. Yu, Binbin & Yang, Jingye & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Guo, Zhikai & Chen, Jiangping, 2019. "Experimental energetic analysis of CO2/R41 blends in automobile air-conditioning and heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 1142-1153.
    7. Kutub Uddin & Bidyut Baran Saha, 2022. "An Overview of Environment-Friendly Refrigerants for Domestic Air Conditioning Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-24, October.
    8. Li, Gang & Eisele, Magnus & Lee, Hoseong & Hwang, Yunho & Radermacher, Reinhard, 2014. "Experimental investigation of energy and exergy performance of secondary loop automotive air-conditioning systems using low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 819-831.
    9. Austin, Brian T. & Sumathy, K., 2011. "Transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4013-4029.
    10. Ohkura, Masashi & Yokoyama, Ryohei & Nakamata, Takuya & Wakui, Tetsuya, 2015. "Numerical analysis on performance enhancement of a CO2 heat pump water heating system by extracting tepid water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 435-447.
    11. Alcázar-Ortega, Manuel & Álvarez-Bel, Carlos & Domijan, Alexander & Escrivá-Escrivá, Guillermo, 2012. "Economic and environmental evaluation of customers' flexibility participating in operation markets: Application to the meat industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 368-379.
    12. Hu, Bin & Li, Yaoyu & Cao, Feng & Xing, Ziwen, 2015. "Extremum seeking control of COP optimization for air-source transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 361-372.
    13. Wang, Wenwen & Li, Man & Zhang, Ming, 2017. "Study on the changes of the decoupling indicator between energy-related CO2 emission and GDP in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 11-18.
    14. Bermudez, Bladimir Carrillo & Santos Branco, Danyelle Karine & Trujillo, Juan Carlos & de Lima, Joao Eustaquio, 2015. "Deforestation and Infant Health: Evidence from an Environmental Conservation Policy in Brazil," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 229064, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    15. Wang, Yanxiang & Ali Almazrooei, Shaikha & Kapsalyamova, Zhanna & Diabat, Ali & Tsai, I-Tsung, 2016. "Utility subsidy reform in Abu Dhabi: A review and a Computable General Equilibrium analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1352-1362.
    16. Liou, Hwa Meei, 2011. "A comparison of the legislative framework and policies in Taiwan's Four GHG reduction acts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 1723-1747, May.
    17. Ciro Aprea & Laura Canale & Marco Dell’Isola & Giorgio Ficco & Andrea Frattolillo & Angelo Maiorino & Fabio Petruzziello, 2023. "On the Use of Ultrasonic Flowmeters for Cooling Energy Metering and Sub-Metering in Direct Expansion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    18. Alphonsus, Ephrem Ryan & Abdullah, Mohammad Omar, 2016. "A review on the applications of programmable logic controllers (PLCs)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1185-1205.
    19. Yan, Qingyou & Zhang, Qian & Zou, Xin, 2016. "Decomposition analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in China's regional thermal electricity generation, 2000–2020," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 788-794.
    20. Lin, Boqiang & Ouyang, Xiaoling, 2014. "Analysis of energy-related CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions and reduction potential in the Chinese non-metallic mineral products industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 688-697.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    R134a; R744; Experimental plant; Greenhouse effect; TEWI;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:753-761. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.