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An experimental investigation of the global environmental impact of the R22 retrofit with R422D

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  • Aprea, Ciro
  • Maiorino, Angelo

Abstract

In recent years a new refrigerant, R422D, has been introduced as substitute of R22 for refrigeration systems. This new fluid is an easy-to-use, non-ozone-depleting HFC refrigerant and, differently from its predecessor (R407C), it is compatible with mineral oil. However, R422D has a very high GWP, and it tends to worsen the efficiency of retrofitted R22 systems. Consequently, even if R422D respects the limits of Montreal Protocol, its global environmental impact could be high. In this paper, we report an experimental analysis in terms of TEWI aimed to identify the global environmental impact of R22 systems retrofitted with R422D. For this purpose, we considered a direct expansion refrigerator for commercial applications and we investigated energy consumption with the temperature of the cold reservoir set to −5, 0, 5, 10°C. The experimental investigation confirmed that the system, when retrofitted with R422D, leads to an increase of TEWI. Therefore an optimization analysis aimed to eco-friendly scenarios was performed.

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  • Aprea, Ciro & Maiorino, Angelo, 2011. "An experimental investigation of the global environmental impact of the R22 retrofit with R422D," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1161-1170.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:2:p:1161-1170
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.11.032
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    1. Aprea, C. & Greco, A. & Maiorino, A., 2012. "An experimental evaluation of the greenhouse effect in the substitution of R134a with CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 753-761.
    2. Wu, Xi & Yang, Zhao & Wang, Xiaoming & Lin, Yulong, 2013. "Experimental and theoretical study on the influence of temperature and humidity on the flammability limits of ethylene (R1150)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 185-191.
    3. Makhnatch, Pavel & Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & López-Belchí, Alejandro & Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah, 2019. "R450A and R513A as lower GWP mixtures for high ambient temperature countries: Experimental comparison with R134a," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 223-235.
    4. Aprea, Ciro & Maiorino, Angelo & Mastrullo, Rita, 2011. "Change in energy performance as a result of a R422D retrofit: An experimental analysis for a vapor compression refrigeration plant for a walk-in cooler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4742-4748.
    5. Yang, Zhao & Wu, Xi, 2013. "Retrofits and options for the alternatives to HCFC-22," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-21.
    6. Piyanut Saengsikhiao & Juntakan Taweekun & Kittinan Maliwan & Somchai Sae-ung & Thanansak Theppaya, 2020. "Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Kasaeian, Alibakhsh & Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen & Sheikhpour, Mojgan & Mahian, Omid & Yan, Wei-Mon & Wongwises, Somchai, 2018. "Applications of eco-friendly refrigerants and nanorefrigerants: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 91-99.
    8. Ciro Aprea & Laura Canale & Marco Dell’Isola & Giorgio Ficco & Andrea Frattolillo & Angelo Maiorino & Fabio Petruzziello, 2023. "On the Use of Ultrasonic Flowmeters for Cooling Energy Metering and Sub-Metering in Direct Expansion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Experimentation; R22; R422D; Retrofitting; Substitute; TEWI;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R22 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Other Demand

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