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Time-dependent electric bus and charging station deployment problem

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  • He, Yi
  • Liu, Zhaocai
  • Zhang, Yiming
  • Song, Ziqi

Abstract

Battery electric buses (BEBs) have gained popularity due to their emission-free and energy-efficient features. Many transit authorities worldwide have set goals to gradually replace their bus fleets with BEBs. Considering the potential decline in BEB battery and charger prices, this study proposes a time-dependent bus fleet transition model to determine the optimal bus fleet transition plan, which includes selecting the bus lines to be electrified, determining the timing and type of BEBs to be purchased, and deploying on-route fast chargers and depot chargers. The model is a bi-objective integer linear program that considers the trade-off between electrified transit mileages and bus electrification costs. A normalized normal constraint method is applied to solve the bi-objective optimization model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested using a real-world bus network. Additionally, sensitivity analyses are conducted to better understand the impact of different parameter values on the optimal solutions. Our proposed model can provide transit authorities with a powerful tool to make informed decisions about their BEB fleet replacement plans.

Suggested Citation

  • He, Yi & Liu, Zhaocai & Zhang, Yiming & Song, Ziqi, 2023. "Time-dependent electric bus and charging station deployment problem," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:282:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223016213
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128227
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Hongfei & Guan, Hongzhi & Qin, Huanmei & Zhao, Pengfei, 2024. "Assessing the sustainability of time-dependent electric demand responsive transit service through deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).

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