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Calibration of flex-fuel operating parameters using grey relational analysis to enhance the output characteristics of ethanol powered direct injection SI engine

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  • Sathish Kumar, T.
  • Ashok, B.
  • Saravanan, B.

Abstract

The evoked potentiality of ethanol-powered DISI engine under flex-fuel mode is explored. A novel approach of this article is to systematically evaluate the aftereffects of diverse volumetric concentrations of ethanol and appraise the appropriate operating conditions for optimal engine responses. The findings unveil that BTE has been enhanced from 18.27% up to 27.31% with the application of ethanol. Conversely, an increasing trend of BSFC is noticed for blended fuels and the maximum value of 398 g/kWhr is recorded for 40. Further, the CO and HC are reduced by about 1.37 %vol and 123 ppm. Whereas CO2 and NOx are raised closest to 13.82 %vol and 496 ppm. Additionally, the influence of operating variables on responses is analysed with ANOVA and results reveal that parameters are statistically significant. Further, the outcomes are used to find the suitable operating variables by Grey relational analysis-based multi-objective optimization. The optimization findings indicate that the operating parameters of test run 1 result in the highest efficiency, while test run 16 could potentially achieve the best fuel economy. Also, test runs of 23, 5, 25 and 1 can provide a plausible environment to deliver the improved emission of CO, CO2, HC and NOx respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Sathish Kumar, T. & Ashok, B. & Saravanan, B., 2023. "Calibration of flex-fuel operating parameters using grey relational analysis to enhance the output characteristics of ethanol powered direct injection SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:281:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223017346
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128340
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