IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v262y2023ipas0360544222023404.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of ammonia addition on knock resistance and combustion performance in a gasoline engine with high compression ratio

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Shang
  • Lin, Zhelong
  • Zhang, Hao
  • Lei, Nuo
  • Qi, Yunliang
  • Wang, Zhi

Abstract

Increasing the compression ratio of gasoline engines is a promising method to increase the engine's fuel economy. However, engine knock caused by auto-ignition is still a large obstacle to improving thermal efficiency and engine load for high compression ratio hybrid engines. Spark induced compression ignition (SICI) is an effective way to utilize auto-ignition to solve the aforementioned problems. Meanwhile, ammonia, a carbon-free fuel, with an outstanding antiknock property, has the great potential to be used in SICI mode. In this study, the effects of ammonia addition on knock suppression, combustion characteristics, thermal efficiency, and emission performance were investigated in a high compression ratio (15.5), four-valve, single-cylinder gasoline engine under SICI combustion mode. In experiments, gasoline was directly injected into the cylinder while ammonia was injected into the intake port. The results show that blending ammonia could resist engine knock and improve thermal efficiency. Within the knock limitation, the duration of flame propagation under ammonia blending conditions could be shortened and meanwhile, the auto-ignition becomes weakened compared with pure gasoline. Benefiting from combustion phase optimization, the thermal efficiency and engine load could be increased or maintained at optimal ammonia blending ratio. The maximum increase of thermal efficiency and engine load is 2.46% and 0.2 MPa respectively. Moreover, the increased engine load can extend the limit of the ammonia blending ratio. For nitrogen emissions, blending ammonia results in NOx emission deterioration due to the formation of fuel-type NOx. NOx emission has a weak dependence on the ammonia blending ratio, and the trend of NOx emission varied with spark timing is opposite to pure gasoline conditions, which is closely related to the pressure sensitivity of fuel-type NOx. Ammonia slip was also detected in the engine exhaust because of the incomplete combustion.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Zhang, Hao & Lei, Nuo & Qi, Yunliang & Wang, Zhi, 2023. "Impact of ammonia addition on knock resistance and combustion performance in a gasoline engine with high compression ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:262:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222023404
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125458
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222023404
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125458?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pham, Quangkhai & Park, Sungwook & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Park, Suhan, 2022. "Review of dual-fuel combustion in the compression-ignition engine: Spray, combustion, and emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    2. Li, Jun & Huang, Hongyu & Deng, Lisheng & He, Zhaohong & Osaka, Yugo & Kobayashi, Noriyuki, 2019. "Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and heat release characteristics of ammonia flame," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 604-617.
    3. Ryu, Kyunghyun & Zacharakis-Jutz, George E. & Kong, Song-Charng, 2014. "Performance characteristics of compression-ignition engine using high concentration of ammonia mixed with dimethyl ether," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 488-499.
    4. Fan, Qinhao & Liu, Shang & Qi, Yunliang & Cai, Kaiyuan & Wang, Zhi, 2021. "Investigation into ethanol effects on combustion and particle number emissions in a spark-ignition to compression-ignition (SICI) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    5. Olesky, Laura Manofsky & Martz, Jason B. & Lavoie, George A. & Vavra, Jiri & Assanis, Dennis N. & Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis, 2013. "The effects of spark timing, unburned gas temperature, and negative valve overlap on the rates of stoichiometric spark assisted compression ignition combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 407-417.
    6. Zhou, Lei & Song, Yuntong & Hua, Jianxiong & Liu, Fengnian & Wei, Haiqiao, 2020. "Effects of miller cycle strategies on combustion characteristics and knock resistance in a spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    7. Olesky, Laura Manofsky & Lavoie, George A. & Assanis, Dennis N. & Wooldridge, Margaret S. & Martz, Jason B., 2014. "The effects of diluent composition on the rates of HCCI and spark assisted compression ignition combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 186-198.
    8. Tang, Qinglong & Liu, Haifeng & Li, Mingkun & Yao, Mingfa, 2017. "Optical study of spray-wall impingement impact on early-injection gasoline partially premixed combustion at low engine load," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 708-719.
    9. Ryu, Kyunghyun & Zacharakis-Jutz, George E. & Kong, Song-Charng, 2014. "Effects of gaseous ammonia direct injection on performance characteristics of a spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 206-215.
    10. Wu, Fang-Hsien & Chen, Guan-Bang, 2020. "Numerical study of hydrogen peroxide enhancement of ammonia premixed flames," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Shuofeng & Sun, Yu & Yang, Jinxin & Wang, Huaiyu, 2024. "Effect of excess air ratio and ignition timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of the ammonia-hydrogen Wankel rotary engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    2. Lin, Zhelong & Liu, Shang & Qi, Yunliang & Chen, Qingchu & Wang, Zhi, 2024. "Experimental study on the performance of a high compression ratio SI engine using alcohol/ammonia fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    3. Rafael Estevez & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Felipa M. Bautista & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna, 2023. "Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH 3 ) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-33, July.
    4. Cruz, José Ramón Serrano & López, J. Javier & Climent, Héctor & Gómez-Vilanova, Alejandro, 2023. "Method for turbocharging and supercharging 2-stroke engines, applied to an opposed-piston new concept for hybrid powertrains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    5. Zhang, Hao & Lei, Nuo & Wang, Zhi, 2024. "Ammonia-hydrogen propulsion system for carbon-free heavy-duty vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).
    6. Shin, Jisoo & Park, Sungwook, 2024. "Numerical analysis and optimization of combustion and emissions in an ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine using an ammonia direct injection strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    7. Wei, Wenwen & Li, Gesheng & Zhang, Zunhua & Long, Yanxiang & Zhang, Hanyuyang & Huang, Yong & Zhou, Mengni & Wei, Yi, 2023. "Effects of ammonia addition on the performance and emissions for a spark-ignition marine natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    8. Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Qi, Yunliang & Wang, Zhi & Yang, Dongsheng & Lu, Guoxiang & Wang, Bo, 2024. "Combustion and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine fueled with ammonia/gasoline and pure ammonia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Zhang, Hao & Fan, Qinhao & Lei, Nuo & Wang, Zhi, 2023. "Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol-gasoline blends in a high compression ratio SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    2. Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Qi, Yunliang & Wang, Zhi & Yang, Dongsheng & Lu, Guoxiang & Wang, Bo, 2024. "Combustion and emission characteristics of a spark ignition engine fueled with ammonia/gasoline and pure ammonia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).
    3. Fan, Qinhao & Liu, Shang & Qi, Yunliang & Cai, Kaiyuan & Wang, Zhi, 2021. "Investigation into ethanol effects on combustion and particle number emissions in a spark-ignition to compression-ignition (SICI) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    4. Xingyu Sun & Mengjia Li & Jincheng Li & Xiongbo Duan & Can Wang & Weifan Luo & Haifeng Liu & Jingping Liu, 2023. "Nitrogen Oxides and Ammonia Removal Analysis Based on Three-Dimensional Ammonia-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Coupled with One-Dimensional SCR Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Jung, Dongwon & Iida, Norimasa, 2015. "Closed-loop control of HCCI combustion for DME using external EGR and rebreathed EGR to reduce pressure-rise rate with combustion-phasing retard," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 315-330.
    6. Li, Jun & Huang, Hongyu & Kobayashi, Noriyuki & He, Zhaohong & Osaka, Yugo & Zeng, Tao, 2015. "Numerical study on effect of oxygen content in combustion air on ammonia combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2053-2068.
    7. Wang, Xinyan & Zhao, Hua & Xie, Hui, 2016. "Effect of dilution strategies and direct injection ratios on stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion in a PFI/DI gasoline engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 801-814.
    8. Guo, Liang & Yu, Changyou & Sun, Wanchen & Zhang, Hao & Cheng, Peng & Yan, Yuying & Lin, Shaodian & Zeng, Wenpeng & Zhu, Genan & Jiang, Mengqi, 2024. "Study on effects of ethylene or acetylene addition on the stability of ammonia laminar diffusion flame by optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).
    9. Lianmei Guo & Jianjun Zhu & Laibin Fu & Zhixin Li & Fanfan Liu & Zilin Wang & Xiangyang Liu & Qinqiang Dong, 2023. "Effects of Pre-Injection Strategy on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia/Diesel Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Mode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-16, November.
    10. Song, Kang & Wang, Xinyan & Xie, Hui, 2018. "Trade-off on fuel economy, knock, and combustion stability for a stratified flame-ignited gasoline engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 437-446.
    11. Tay, Kun Lin & Yang, Wenming & Li, Jing & Zhou, Dezhi & Yu, Wenbin & Zhao, Feiyang & Chou, Siaw Kiang & Mohan, Balaji, 2017. "Numerical investigation on the combustion and emissions of a kerosene-diesel fueled compression ignition engine assisted by ammonia fumigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1476-1488.
    12. Ezzat, M.F & Dincer, I., 2018. "Development and assessment of a new hybrid vehicle with ammonia and hydrogen," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 226-239.
    13. Fengshuo He & Xiumin Yu & Yaodong Du & Zhen Shang & Zezhou Guo & Guanting Li & Decheng Li, 2019. "Inner Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Strategy for Nitrogen Oxides Abatement: Investigation of Ammonia Aqueous Solution Direct Injection with an SI Engine Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-18, July.
    14. Zhou, Lei & Hua, Jianxiong & Wei, Haiqiao & Dong, Kai & Feng, Dengquan & Shu, Gequn, 2018. "Knock characteristics and combustion regime diagrams of multiple combustion modes based on experimental investigations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 31-41.
    15. Chai, Wai Siong & Bao, Yulei & Jin, Pengfei & Tang, Guang & Zhou, Lei, 2021. "A review on ammonia, ammonia-hydrogen and ammonia-methane fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    16. Liu, Xing & Wang, Ying & Bai, Yuanqi & Yang, Wenxu, 2023. "Development of reduced and optimized mechanism for ammonia/ hydrogen mixture based on genetic algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    17. Chen, Danan & Li, Jun & Li, Xing & Deng, Lisheng & He, Zhaohong & Huang, Hongyu & Kobayashi, Noriyuki, 2023. "Study on combustion characteristics of hydrogen addition on ammonia flame at a porous burner," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    18. Jinyi Hu & Yongbao Liu & Xing He & Jianfeng Zhao & Shaojun Xia, 2024. "Application of NH 3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NO x Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-39, June.
    19. Zhang, Yanzhi & Xu, Leilei & Zhu, Yizi & Xu, Shijie & Bai, Xue-Song, 2023. "Numerical study on liquid ammonia direct injection spray characteristics under engine-relevant conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    20. Meng, Xianglong & Xie, Fangxi & Li, Xiaona & Han, Linghai & Duan, Jiaquan & Gong, Yanfeng & Zhou, You, 2024. "Study on the effects of intake valve timing and lift on the combustion and emission performance of ethanol, N-butanol, and gasoline engine under stoichiometric combustion and lean burn conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:262:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222023404. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.