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Operational scheduling of electric vehicles parking lot integrated with renewable generation based on bilevel programming approach

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  • Aghajani, Saemeh
  • Kalantar, Mohsen

Abstract

With increasing the share of electric vehicles in electricity market, it is important to investigate their impact on electricity trading and their interactions with other market entities involved in the system. This paper provides a methodology to develop the interaction between parking lot and distribution system operator in energy and reserve market while considering load and wind power uncertainty. To this end, a bilevel approach is applied to model inherently conflicting objective between distribution system operator and parking lot and interactions between the two agents. In the proposed model, upper-level problem represents the total operation cost minimization from the distribution system operator’s perspective while the lower-level problem represents the scheduling energy and reserve from the parking lot owner’s point of view with the objective of minimizing the parking cost. The method is capable of finding the equilibrium point for decision making conflict between the objective of the upper and lower level. The proposed bilevel problem is reduced to a single level optimization problem by implementing dual theorem and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions. The numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Suggested Citation

  • Aghajani, Saemeh & Kalantar, Mohsen, 2017. "Operational scheduling of electric vehicles parking lot integrated with renewable generation based on bilevel programming approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 422-432.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:139:y:2017:i:c:p:422-432
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.004
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    Cited by:

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    3. Saad Ullah Khan & Khawaja Khalid Mehmood & Zunaib Maqsood Haider & Muhammad Kashif Rafique & Chul-Hwan Kim, 2018. "A Bi-Level EV Aggregator Coordination Scheme for Load Variance Minimization with Renewable Energy Penetration Adaptability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-28, October.
    4. Bostan, Alireza & Nazar, Mehrdad Setayesh & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2020. "An integrated optimization framework for combined heat and power units, distributed generation and plug-in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    5. Mohammadi Landi, Meysam & Mohammadi, Mohammad & Rastegar, Mohammad, 2018. "Simultaneous determination of optimal capacity and charging profile of plug-in electric vehicle parking lots in distribution systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 504-511.
    6. George S. Fernandez & Vijayakumar Krishnasamy & Selvakumar Kuppusamy & Jagabar S. Ali & Ziad M. Ali & Adel El-Shahat & Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, 2020. "Optimal Dynamic Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in a Parking Lot Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-26, December.
    7. Saeid Esmaeili & Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam & Shahram Jadid, 2019. "Optimal Operational Scheduling of Reconfigurable Multi-Microgrids Considering Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, May.
    8. Ali M. Jasim & Basil H. Jasim & Habib Kraiem & Aymen Flah, 2022. "A Multi-Objective Demand/Generation Scheduling Model-Based Microgrid Energy Management System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-28, August.
    9. Subramanian, Vignesh & Das, Tapas K., 2019. "A two-layer model for dynamic pricing of electricity and optimal charging of electric vehicles under price spikes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1266-1277.
    10. Aghajani, Saemeh & Kalantar, Mohsen, 2017. "Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources in smart grids: A complementarity approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2135-2144.
    11. Subramanian, Vignesh & Feijoo, Felipe & Sankaranarayanan, Sriram & Melendez, Kevin & Das, Tapas K., 2022. "A bilevel conic optimization model for routing and charging of EV fleets serving long distance delivery networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
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