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SWAT parameterization for the identification of critical diffuse pollution source areas under data limitations

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  • Panagopoulos, Y.
  • Makropoulos, C.
  • Baltas, E.
  • Mimikou, M.

Abstract

For lowering sediment, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pollution of surface water bodies at the catchment scale, environmental legislation require programs of pollution abatement measures. To be able to ensure the cost-effectiveness of such programs we first need to identify high risk areas, which give rise to increased pollutant runoff. Process-based GIS models provide the opportunity to identify such critical areas and hence better target diffuse pollution abatement actions. However, these models are data intensive and their spatially-distributed parameterization in poorly monitored catchments is not feasible without extensive input data pre-processing and significant simplifying assumptions. This study implements the widely-used SWAT river basin model (Soil Water Assessment Tool) to study a medium-sized Greek catchment with the typical data limitations met at the national level, in order to identify critical diffuse pollution source areas that may serve as the key areas for meeting the objective of ‘good ecological status’ of water bodies set by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Model parameterization and evaluation are presented along with the decisions made to overcome problems related to data representation in the catchment, in an effort to provide guidance on SWAT modeling in areas with similar characteristics. The results show that sediments and nutrients could be adequately reproduced in large time steps (monthly or seasonal) and that even with the current data limitations, the seasonal variation and the most critical areas of pollutant losses to waters could be adequately identified. The study proposes a transparent modeling approach under data limitations without neglecting possible deficiencies; however, it maintains that the SWAT model, if appropriately parameterized with respect to the land-use and soil differentiation within a limited-gauged catchment, can still facilitate the selection and placement of suitable practices across the landscape for a cost-effective diffused pollution management.

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  • Panagopoulos, Y. & Makropoulos, C. & Baltas, E. & Mimikou, M., 2011. "SWAT parameterization for the identification of critical diffuse pollution source areas under data limitations," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(19), pages 3500-3512.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:222:y:2011:i:19:p:3500-3512
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.08.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Melina Kotti & Athanasios Vlessidis & Nicholaos Thanasoulias & Nicholaos Evmiridis, 2005. "Assessment of River Water Quality in Northwestern Greece," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(1), pages 77-94, February.
    2. Hesse, Cornelia & Krysanova, Valentina & Päzolt, Jens & Hattermann, Fred F., 2008. "Eco-hydrological modelling in a highly regulated lowland catchment to find measures for improving water quality," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 218(1), pages 135-148.
    3. Gassman, Philip W. & Reyes, Manuel R. & Green, Colleen H. & Arnold, Jeffrey G., 2007. "The Soil and Water Assessment Tool: Historical Development, Applications, and Future Research Directions," ISU General Staff Papers 200701010800001027, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    4. Bouraoui, Fayçal & Grizzetti, Bruna, 2008. "An integrated modelling framework to estimate the fate of nutrients: Application to the Loire (France)," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 212(3), pages 450-459.
    5. Y. Yang & L. Wang, 2010. "A Review of Modelling Tools for Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Handling Diffuse Water Pollution," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(9), pages 1819-1843, July.
    6. Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P. & Karageorgis, Aristomenis P. & Kapsimalis, Vasilios & Drakopoulou, Paraskevi & Skoulikidis, Nikolaos & Behrendt, Horst & Levkov, Zlatko, 2009. "Management of nutrient emissions of Axios River catchment: Their effect in the coastal zone of Thermaikos Gulf, Greece," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(3), pages 383-396.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Pokhrel, Bijay & Paudel, Krishna P., 2014. "Assessing the Efficiency of Alternative Best Management Practices to Reduce Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB)," 2014 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota 170699, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
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    6. Jinjin Gu & Yuan Cao & Min Wu & Min Song & Lin Wang, 2022. "A Novel Method for Watershed Best Management Practices Spatial Optimal Layout under Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    7. Guangxing Ji & Zhizhu Lai & Haibin Xia & Hao Liu & Zheng Wang, 2021. "Future Runoff Variation and Flood Disaster Prediction of the Yellow River Basin Based on CA-Markov and SWAT," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-19, April.
    8. Niraula, Rewati & Kalin, Latif & Srivastava, Puneet & Anderson, Christopher J., 2013. "Identifying critical source areas of nonpoint source pollution with SWAT and GWLF," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 268(C), pages 123-133.
    9. Liu, Ruimin & Zhang, Peipei & Wang, Xiujuan & Chen, Yaxin & Shen, Zhenyao, 2013. "Assessment of effects of best management practices on agricultural non-point source pollution in Xiangxi River watershed," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 9-18.
    10. Ramesh P. Rudra & Balew A. Mekonnen & Rituraj Shukla & Narayan Kumar Shrestha & Pradeep K. Goel & Prasad Daggupati & Asim Biswas, 2020. "Currents Status, Challenges, and Future Directions in Identifying Critical Source Areas for Non-Point Source Pollution in Canadian Conditions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-25, October.
    11. Shan, Nan & Ruan, Xiao-Hong & Xu, Jing & Pan, Zha-Rong, 2014. "Estimating the optimal width of buffer strip for nonpoint source pollution control in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 276(C), pages 51-63.
    12. Boongaling, Cheamson Garret K. & Faustino-Eslava, Decibel V. & Lansigan, Felino P., 2018. "Modeling land use change impacts on hydrology and the use of landscape metrics as tools for watershed management: The case of an ungauged catchment in the Philippines," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 116-128.
    13. Alam, Md Jahangir & Dutta, Dushmanta, 2012. "A process-based and distributed model for nutrient dynamics in river basin: Development, testing and applications," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 112-124.
    14. Leh, Mansoor D.K. & Sharpley, Andrew N. & Singh, Gurdeep & Matlock, Marty D., 2018. "Assessing the impact of the MRBI program in a data limited Arkansas watershed using the SWAT model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 202-219.
    15. Guanghui Li & Lei Chang & Haoye Li & Yuefen Li, 2023. "Modeling the Impact of Land Use Optimization on Non-Point Source Pollution: Evidence from Chinese Reservoir Watershed," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    16. Velia Bigi & Alessandro Pezzoli & Elena Comino & Maurizio Rosso, 2020. "A Vulnerability Assessment in Scant Data Context: The Case of North Horr Sub-County," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-23, July.

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