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Modeling Non-Point Source Nutrient Loads with Different Cropping Systems in an Agricultural Lake Watershed in Southwestern China: From Field to Watershed Scale

Author

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  • Jiayu Peng

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chunling Jin

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    Center for Water and Ecology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yue Wu

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Zeying Hou

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Sijia Gao

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Zhaosheng Chu

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Binghui Zheng

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract

Understanding the influence of cropping systems on non-point source pollution (NPSP) is crucial, since NPSP has become the major nutrient source of lake eutrophication. How to identify the characteristics of the N and P balance at different spatial and temporal scales remains a challenge in pollution control and decision-making. In this study, we built a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model coupled with an export coefficient model for a NPSP simulation in the North of Erhai Lake Basin (NELB). A method was proposed to study the N and P transport from fields and the individual sub-basins to Erhai Lake using SWAT simulation. The results showed that the N and P loss fields were mainly situated in the vicinity of the Fengyu river and along the mainstream of the Miju and Mici rivers. N and P loss fields were mainly occupied by rice–broad bean/rice–rapeseed crops and vegetables. While the critical N and P load contribution areas were situated in the vicinity of downstream of the Miju, Yong’an, and Luoshi rivers. The effects of different cropping systems on the N and P export to the watershed were insignificant in the NELB and decreased by 4–9% when changing cropping system compared to the original crops. The NPSP discharged from the critical areas was retained and purified by the flow and the reservoirs scattered along the rivers, and it was noticed that the N and P loss was mainly from the critical pollution discharge areas located downstream of Miju river. This study can provide an important simulation method for understanding NPSPs and, therefore, can help authorities improve agricultural land use and reduce lake pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiayu Peng & Chunling Jin & Yue Wu & Zeying Hou & Sijia Gao & Zhaosheng Chu & Binghui Zheng, 2022. "Modeling Non-Point Source Nutrient Loads with Different Cropping Systems in an Agricultural Lake Watershed in Southwestern China: From Field to Watershed Scale," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:10:y:2022:i:21:p:4047-:d:959128
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Panagopoulos, Y. & Makropoulos, C. & Baltas, E. & Mimikou, M., 2011. "SWAT parameterization for the identification of critical diffuse pollution source areas under data limitations," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(19), pages 3500-3512.
    2. Molder, Bryce & Cockburn, Jaclyn & Berg, Aaron & Lindsay, John & Woodrow, Kathryn, 2015. "Sediment-assisted nutrient transfer from a small, no-till, tile drained watershed in Southwestern Ontario, Canada," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 31-40.
    3. Xiao Zhang & Xiaomin Chen & Wanshun Zhang & Hong Peng & Gaohong Xu & Yanxin Zhao & Zhenling Shen, 2022. "Impact of Land Use Changes on the Surface Runoff and Nutrient Load in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Venkatachalam Kasthuri Thilagam & Sandrasekaran Manivannan & Om Pal Singh Khola, 2023. "Deriving Land Management Practices for Reduced Nutrient Movement from an Agricultural Watershed Using the AGNPS Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Zou, Tingting & Meng, Fanlei & Zhou, Jichen & Ying, Hao & Liu, Xuejun & Hou, Yong & Zhao, Zhengxiong & Zhang, Fusuo & Xu, Wen, 2023. "Quantifying nitrogen and phosphorus losses from crop and livestock production and mitigation potentials in Erhai Lake Basin, China," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).

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