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Currents Status, Challenges, and Future Directions in Identifying Critical Source Areas for Non-Point Source Pollution in Canadian Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Ramesh P. Rudra

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Balew A. Mekonnen

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Rituraj Shukla

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Narayan Kumar Shrestha

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Pradeep K. Goel

    (Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, ON M9P 3V6, Canada)

  • Prasad Daggupati

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Asim Biswas

    (School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

Abstract

Non-point source (NPS) pollution is an important problem that has been threatening freshwater resources throughout the world. Best Management Practices (BMPs) can reduce NPS pollution delivery to receiving waters. For economic reasons, BMPs should be placed at critical source areas (CSAs), which are the areas contributing most of the NPS pollution. The CSAs are the areas in a watershed where source coincides with transport factors, such as runoff, erosion, subsurface flow, and channel processes. Methods ranging from simple index-based to detailed hydrologic and water quality (HWQ) models are being used to identify CSAs. However, application of these methods for Canadian watersheds remains challenging due to the diversified hydrological conditions, which are not fully incorporated into most existing methods. The aim of this work is to review potential methods and challenges in identifying CSAs under Canadian conditions. As such, this study: (a) reviews different methods for identifying CSAs; (b) discusses challenges and the current state of CSA identification; and (c) highlights future research directions to address limitations of currently available methods. It appears that applications of both simple index-based methods and detailed HWQ models to determine CSAs are limited in Canadian conditions. As no single method/model is perfect, it is recommended to develop a ‘Toolbox’ that can host a variety of methods to identify CSAs so as to allow flexibility to the end users on the choice of the methods.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramesh P. Rudra & Balew A. Mekonnen & Rituraj Shukla & Narayan Kumar Shrestha & Pradeep K. Goel & Prasad Daggupati & Asim Biswas, 2020. "Currents Status, Challenges, and Future Directions in Identifying Critical Source Areas for Non-Point Source Pollution in Canadian Conditions," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:10:y:2020:i:10:p:468-:d:426539
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    1. Shaoqing Wang & Yanling Zhao & He Ren & Shichao Zhu & Yunhui Yang, 2023. "Identification of Ecological Risk “Source-Sink” Landscape Functions of Resource-Based Region: A Case Study in Liaoning Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Ning Huang & Tao Lin & Junjie Guan & Guoqin Zhang & Xiaoying Qin & Jiangfu Liao & Qiming Liu & Yunfeng Huang, 2021. "Identification and Regulation of Critical Source Areas of Non-Point Source Pollution in Medium and Small Watersheds Based on Source-Sink Theory," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-23, June.
    3. Yanrong Lu & Chen Wang & Rongjin Yang & Meiying Sun & Le Zhang & Yuying Zhang & Xiuhong Li, 2023. "Research on the Progress of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Management in China: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.

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