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Predicting the fluid temperature at the exit of the vertical ground heat exchangers

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  • Michopoulos, [alpha].
  • [Kappa]yriakis, [Nu].

Abstract

The energy analysis of ground source heat pump systems is based on the instantaneous fluid temperature at the ground heat exchanger outlet. This temperature defines the ground source heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) and hence the electricity consumption required in order to fulfill the energy demands of the building. The aim of this work is to present a model able to predict the fluid temperature at the ground heat exchanger outlet, taking into account the heat transfer phenomena in the soil and the temporal variation of the thermal load of the ground heat exchanger. The model developed was verified using experimental data, expanding over a three years period, of a vertical ground heat exchanger. It is proved that the model is able to satisfactorily predict the recorded temperature values throughout the verification period. The differences between measured and estimated outlet water temperatures impose a deviation between the estimated and the actually recorded electricity consumption of less than 4%.

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  • Michopoulos, [alpha]. & [Kappa]yriakis, [Nu]., 2009. "Predicting the fluid temperature at the exit of the vertical ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 2065-2070, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:86:y:2009:i:10:p:2065-2070
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    Cited by:

    1. Florides, G. & Theofanous, E. & Iosif-Stylianou, I. & Tassou, S. & Christodoulides, P. & Zomeni, Z. & Tsiolakis, E. & Kalogirou, S. & Messaritis, V. & Pouloupatis, P. & Panayiotou, G., 2013. "Modeling and assessment of the efficiency of horizontal and vertical ground heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 655-663.
    2. Ruiz-Calvo, F. & De Rosa, M. & Acuña, J. & Corberán, J.M. & Montagud, C., 2015. "Experimental validation of a short-term Borehole-to-Ground (B2G) dynamic model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 210-223.
    3. Yıldız, Ahmet & Ozgener, Onder & Ozgener, Leyla, 2012. "Energetic performance analysis of a solar photovoltaic cell (PV) assisted closed loop earth-to-air heat exchanger for solar greenhouse cooling: An experimental study for low energy architecture in Aeg," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 281-287.
    4. Pavel Neuberger & Radomír Adamovský, 2019. "Analysis and Comparison of Some Low-Temperature Heat Sources for Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, May.
    5. Florides, Georgios A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Pouloupatis, Panayiotis, 2013. "Single and double U-tube ground heat exchangers in multiple-layer substrates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 364-373.
    6. Zhang, Linfeng & Huang, Gongsheng & Zhang, Quan & Wang, Jinggang, 2018. "An hourly simulation method for the energy performance of an office building served by a ground-coupled heat pump system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 495-508.
    7. Pouloupatis, Panayiotis D. & Tassou, Savvas A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Florides, Georgios A., 2017. "Parametric analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of ground heat exchangers and design application aspects in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 721-728.
    8. Khaled Salhein & Javed Ashraf & Mohamed Zohdy, 2021. "Output Temperature Predictions of the Geothermal Heat Pump System Using an Improved Grey Prediction Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-12, August.
    9. Ozyurt, Omer & Ekinci, Dundar Arif, 2011. "Experimental study of vertical ground-source heat pump performance evaluation for cold climate in Turkey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1257-1265, April.
    10. Chaofeng Li & Jinfeng Mao & Zheli Xing & Jin Zhou & Yong Li, 2015. "Analysis of Geo-Temperature Restoration Performance under Intermittent Operation of Borehole Heat Exchanger Fields," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Shibin Geng & Yong Li & Xu Han & Huiliang Lian & Hua Zhang, 2016. "Evaluation of Thermal Anomalies in Multi-Boreholes Field Considering the Effects of Groundwater Flow," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-19, June.
    12. Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Ghezelbash, Reza & Sadi, Meisam & Moghadam, Ali Jabari, 2016. "Integration of vertical ground-coupled heat pump into a conventional natural gas pressure drop station: Energy, economic and CO2 emission assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 998-1014.
    13. Gang, Wenjie & Wang, Jinbo, 2013. "Predictive ANN models of ground heat exchanger for the control of hybrid ground source heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1146-1153.
    14. Florides, Georgios A. & Christodoulides, Paul & Pouloupatis, Panayiotis, 2012. "An analysis of heat flow through a borehole heat exchanger validated model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 523-533.
    15. Zhang, Linfeng & Zhang, Quan & Huang, Gongsheng, 2016. "A transient quasi-3D entire time scale line source model for the fluid and ground temperature prediction of vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 65-75.
    16. Badescu, Viorel & Isvoranu, Dragos, 2011. "Pneumatic and thermal design procedure and analysis of earth-to-air heat exchangers of registry type," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1266-1280, April.
    17. Dehghan B., Babak & Kukrer, Ergin, 2017. "A new 1D analytical model for investigating the long term heat transfer rate of a borehole ground heat exchanger by Green's function method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 615-621.
    18. Retkowski, Waldemar & Thöming, Jorg, 2014. "Thermoeconomic optimization of vertical ground-source heat pump systems through nonlinear integer programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 492-503.
    19. Park, Honghee & Lee, Joo Seoung & Kim, Wonuk & Kim, Yongchan, 2013. "The cooling seasonal performance factor of a hybrid ground-source heat pump with parallel and serial configurations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 877-884.
    20. Xiong, Zeyu & Fisher, Daniel E. & Spitler, Jeffrey D., 2015. "Development and validation of a Slinky™ ground heat exchanger model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 57-69.
    21. Sang Mu Bae & Yujin Nam & Byoung Ohan Shim, 2018. "Feasibility Study of Ground Source Heat Pump System Considering Underground Thermal Properties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, July.
    22. Ghezelbash, Reza & Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Behi, Hamidreza & Sadi, Meisam & Khorramabady, Heshmatollah Shams, 2015. "Performance assessment of a natural gas expansion plant integrated with a vertical ground-coupled heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2503-2517.
    23. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2015. "Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 178-191.
    24. Dai, L.H. & Shang, Y. & Li, X.L. & Li, S.F., 2016. "Analysis on the transient heat transfer process inside and outside the borehole for a vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger under short-term heat storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P3), pages 1121-1129.

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