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A transient quasi-3D entire time scale line source model for the fluid and ground temperature prediction of vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs)

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  • Zhang, Linfeng
  • Zhang, Quan
  • Huang, Gongsheng

Abstract

The energy performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump systems (GCHPs) depends heavily on the fluid temperature over the entire time scale inside the ground heat exchangers (GHEs) and the ground temperature profile outside the borehole. These temperatures define not only the coefficient of performance (COP) of GCHPs but also the ground receptivity of the energy demand of buildings. Although GCHPs have been studied for many years, it is still a great challenge to develop a model that can accurately predict both short-term and long-term responses due to the complex borehole configuration and the thermal capacity of grout. A new transient quasi-3D entire time scale line source model is proposed in this paper, which introduces the concept of transient borehole thermal resistance and considers the heat flux profile along the U-pipe as a variable. The proposed model is firstly compared with several existent models, including several traditional line source models and a full scale response model, using the data collected from a reported Sandbox experiment. The comparison study shows that the proposed model is able to predict the temperature with a relative error less than 5%. Then, the outside ground temperature profile that defines the borehole distance is analyzed and compared with the Sandbox experiment result, which shows that the proposed model leads to a maximum relative error being less than 3.85%. Finally, the impact of the heat flux profile along the U-pipe on the ground temperature profile prediction is investigated, which shows that when the heat flux profile along the U-pipe is considered as a variable, the determination of borehole distance will be much more accurate. Therefore, the transient quasi-3D entire time scale line source model is an effective method for the fluid and ground temperature prediction and may offer the theoretical basis for the system control and the borehole distance determination.

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  • Zhang, Linfeng & Zhang, Quan & Huang, Gongsheng, 2016. "A transient quasi-3D entire time scale line source model for the fluid and ground temperature prediction of vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 65-75.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:170:y:2016:i:c:p:65-75
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.099
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    4. Xiangxi Qin & Yazhou Zhao & Chengjun Dai & Jian Wei & Dahai Xue, 2022. "Thermal Performance Analysis on the Seasonal Heat Storage by Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger with the Extended Finite Line Source Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-38, November.
    5. Shi, Yu & Song, Xianzhi & Wang, Gaosheng & McLennan, John & Forbes, Bryan & Li, Xiaojiang & Li, Jiacheng, 2019. "Study on wellbore fluid flow and heat transfer of a multilateral-well CO2 enhanced geothermal system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 14-27.
    6. Nguyen, A. & Pasquier, P., 2021. "A successive flux estimation method for rapid g-function construction of small to large-scale ground heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 359-368.
    7. Claudia Naldi & Aminhossein Jahanbin & Enzo Zanchini, 2021. "A New Estimate of Sand and Grout Thermal Properties in the Sandbox Experiment for Accurate Validations of Borehole Simulation Codes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-25, February.
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    9. Javed, Saqib & Spitler, Jeffrey, 2017. "Accuracy of borehole thermal resistance calculation methods for grouted single U-tube ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 790-806.
    10. Zhang, Linfeng & Huang, Gongsheng & Zhang, Quan & Wang, Jinggang, 2018. "An hourly simulation method for the energy performance of an office building served by a ground-coupled heat pump system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 495-508.
    11. Ikeda, Shintaro & Choi, Wonjun & Ooka, Ryozo, 2017. "Optimization method for multiple heat source operation including ground source heat pump considering dynamic variation in ground temperature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 466-478.
    12. Javadi, Hossein & Mousavi Ajarostaghi, Seyed Soheil & Rosen, Marc A. & Pourfallah, Mohsen, 2019. "Performance of ground heat exchangers: A comprehensive review of recent advances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 207-233.
    13. Hu, Jinzhong, 2017. "An improved analytical model for vertical borehole ground heat exchanger with multiple-layer substrates and groundwater flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 537-549.
    14. Krystian Leski & Przemysław Luty & Monika Gwadera & Barbara Larwa, 2021. "Numerical Analysis of Minimum Ground Temperature for Heat Extraction in Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, September.
    15. Song, Xianzhi & Shi, Yu & Li, Gensheng & Yang, Ruiyue & Wang, Gaosheng & Zheng, Rui & Li, Jiacheng & Lyu, Zehao, 2018. "Numerical simulation of heat extraction performance in enhanced geothermal system with multilateral wells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 325-337.
    16. Adel Eswiasi & Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, 2020. "Critical Review on Efficiency of Ground Heat Exchangers in Heat Pump Systems," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-21, June.
    17. Guo, Y. & Huang, G. & Liu, W.V., 2023. "A new semi-analytical solution addressing varying heat transfer rates for U-shaped vertical borehole heat exchangers in multilayered ground," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    18. Aminhossein Jahanbin & Claudia Naldi & Enzo Zanchini, 2020. "Relation Between Mean Fluid Temperature and Outlet Temperature for Single U-Tube Boreholes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, February.
    19. Claudia Naldi & Enzo Zanchini, 2019. "Full-Time-Scale Fluid-to-Ground Thermal Response of a Borefield with Uniform Fluid Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-18, September.
    20. Bi, Yuehong & Lyu, Tianli & Wang, Hongyan & Sun, Ruirui & Yu, Meize, 2019. "Parameter analysis of single U-tube GHE and dynamic simulation of underground temperature field round one year for GSHP," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 138-147.
    21. Pandey, Navdeep & Murugesan, K. & Thomas, H.R., 2017. "Optimization of ground heat exchangers for space heating and cooling applications using Taguchi method and utility concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 421-438.

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