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Coordinated control scheme for provision of frequency regulation service by virtual power plants

Author

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  • Oshnoei, Arman
  • Kheradmandi, Morteza
  • Blaabjerg, Frede
  • Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.
  • Muyeen, S.M.
  • Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad

Abstract

This paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) contribution to load frequency control. The considered VPP comprises distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWHs). The frequency regulation signal is distributed between thermal generator and the VPP based on distribution coefficients which are calculated through conducting a multi-objective optimization problem. The optimization framework incorporates the dynamic regulation performance as well as the total regulation cost. A fuzzy strategy is adopted to obtain the final solution according to user-defined conditions. The regulation signal of VPP is dispatched based on the speed and the available power capacity of VPP components. The performance of the proposed coordination scheme is compared to the scheme without coordination and that with no involvement of VPP in frequency regulation. The regulation performance is also evaluated for varying time delays expected in the communication channels. An approach based on brain emotional learning is developed to coordinate the VPP and conventional generation unit to avoid large frequency deviations caused by the communication delays. Case studies are conducted on a multi-area power system in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results are verified by the OPAL-RT real-time simulator.

Suggested Citation

  • Oshnoei, Arman & Kheradmandi, Morteza & Blaabjerg, Frede & Hatziargyriou, Nikos D. & Muyeen, S.M. & Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad, 2022. "Coordinated control scheme for provision of frequency regulation service by virtual power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:325:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922010236
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119734
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Dong, Zhe & Cheng, Zhonghua & Zhu, Yunlong & Huang, Xiaojin & Dong, Yujie & Zhang, Zuoyi, 2023. "Coordinated control of mHTGR-based nuclear steam supply systems considering cold helium temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    5. Zhang, Jiawei & Wang, Jiaxin & Zhang, Ning & Wang, Peng & Wang, Yating & Fang, Chen, 2024. "Droop coefficient placements for grid-side energy storage considering nodal frequency constraints under large disturbances," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
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    7. Zeyi Wang & Yao Wang & Li Xie & Dan Pang & Hao Shi & Hua Zheng, 2024. "Load Frequency Control of Multiarea Power Systems with Virtual Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-10, July.
    8. Francesco Gulotta & Edoardo Daccò & Alessandro Bosisio & Davide Falabretti, 2023. "Opening of Ancillary Service Markets to Distributed Energy Resources: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, March.
    9. Song, Yuguang & Xia, Mingchao & Chen, Qifang, 2023. "The robust synchronization control scheme for flexible resources considering the stochastic and delay response process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    10. Meng, Yuan & Qiu, Jing & Zhang, Cuo & Lei, Gang & Zhu, Jianguo, 2024. "A Holistic P2P market for active and reactive energy trading in VPPs considering both financial benefits and network constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    11. Sun, Xiaotian & Xie, Haipeng & Qiu, Dawei & Xiao, Yunpeng & Bie, Zhaohong & Strbac, Goran, 2023. "Decentralized frequency regulation service provision for virtual power plants: A best response potential game approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    12. Hossein Shokouhinejad & Eduardo Castillo Guerra, 2024. "Self-Scheduling Virtual Power Plant for Peak Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-20, June.
    13. Bao, Peng & Xu, Qingshan & Yang, Yongbiao & Nan, Yu & Wang, Yucui, 2024. "Efficient virtual power plant management strategy and Leontief-game pricing mechanism towards real-time economic dispatch support: A case study of large-scale 5G base stations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    14. Esfahani, Moein & Alizadeh, Ali & Amjady, Nima & Kamwa, Innocent, 2024. "A distributed VPP-integrated co-optimization framework for energy scheduling, frequency regulation, and voltage support using data-driven distributionally robust optimization with Wasserstein metric," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).

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