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Coordinated load frequency control of multi-area integrated energy system using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning

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  • Li, Jiawen
  • Yu, Tao
  • Zhang, Xiaoshun

Abstract

To dynamically balance multiple energy fluctuations in a multi-area integrated energy system (IES), a coordinated power control framework, named distributed intelligent coordinated automatic generation control (DIC-AGC), is constructed among different areas during load frequency control (LFC). Furthermore, an evolutionary imitation curriculum multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (EIC-MADDPG) algorithm is proposed as a novel deep reinforcement learning algorithm to realize coordinated control and improve the performance of DIC-AGC in the performance-based frequency regulation market. EIC-MADDPG, which combines imitation learning and curriculum learning, can adaptively derive the optimal coordinated control strategies for multiple areas of LFC controllers through centralized learning and decentralized implementation. The simulation of a four-area LFC-IES model on the China Southern Grid (CSG) demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in maximizing control performance while minimizing regulation mileage payment in every area against stochastic load and renewable power fluctuations.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Jiawen & Yu, Tao & Zhang, Xiaoshun, 2022. "Coordinated load frequency control of multi-area integrated energy system using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:306:y:2022:i:pa:s0306261921012137
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117900
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    14. Zhou, Yanting & Ma, Zhongjing & Shi, Xingyu & Zou, Suli, 2024. "Multi-agent optimal scheduling for integrated energy system considering the global carbon emission constraint," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
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    17. Tengfei Weng & Yan Xie & Guorong Chen & Qi Han & Yuan Tian & Liping Feng & Yangjun Pei, 2022. "Load frequency control under false data inject attacks based on multi-agent system method in multi-area power systems," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, , vol. 18(4), pages 15501329221, April.
    18. Yin, Linfei & Wu, Yunzhi, 2022. "Mode-decomposition memory reinforcement network strategy for smart generation control in multi-area power systems containing renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    19. Xinghua Liu & Siwei Qiao & Zhiwei Liu, 2023. "A Survey on Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power Systems: Recent Challenges and Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-22, February.
    20. Wadi, Mohammed & Shobole, Abdulfetah & Elmasry, Wisam & Kucuk, Ismail, 2024. "Load frequency control in smart grids: A review of recent developments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
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