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Assessing the impact of injector included angle and piston geometry on thermally stratified compression ignition with wet ethanol

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  • Gainey, Brian
  • Gohn, James
  • Hariharan, Deivanayagam
  • Rahimi-Boldaji, Mozhgan
  • Lawler, Benjamin

Abstract

Recent results have concluded that the efficacy of compression stroke injections in enhancing natural thermal stratification are dependent on the injector’s included angle. Therefore, there is a need to further understand how different hardware affects the efficacy of thermally stratified compression ignition. In this study, three injector included angles are considered: 150°, 118°, and 60°. Compression stroke injection timing sweeps are performed with these three injectors using two distinct piston geometries: a re-entrant bowl piston geometry found in a production, light-duty diesel engine, and a custom-made open, shallow bowl piston geometry, designed to reduce surface-to-volume ratio. Using an equivalence ratio of 0.5 and a split fraction of 80%, it was found that, with the re-entrant bowl piston geometry, the 150° injector displayed high controllability over the burn duration and was able to elongate the burn duration by a factor of 1.8×. The 118° injector displayed slight controllability over the burn duration, while the 60° injector displayed no controllability. With the open bowl piston geometry, the 150° maintained high controllability over the burn duration, albeit with less efficacy. The 60° injector still had no controllability and now the 118° injector had no controllability. The low surface-to-volume ratio of the shallow bowl piston led to less natural thermal stratification than the re-entrant bowl piston geometry, which impacted the compression stroke injection’s ability to control the burn rate. Therefore, the hardware setup that achieves the highest efficacy is a re-entrant bowl-like piston geometry with a wide spray angle injector.

Suggested Citation

  • Gainey, Brian & Gohn, James & Hariharan, Deivanayagam & Rahimi-Boldaji, Mozhgan & Lawler, Benjamin, 2020. "Assessing the impact of injector included angle and piston geometry on thermally stratified compression ignition with wet ethanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:262:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920300404
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114528
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rahimi Boldaji, Mozhgan & Gainey, Brian & Lawler, Benjamin, 2019. "Thermally stratified compression ignition enabled by wet ethanol with a split injection strategy: A CFD simulation study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 813-826.
    2. Lawler, Benjamin & Splitter, Derek & Szybist, James & Kaul, Brian, 2017. "Thermally Stratified Compression Ignition: A new advanced low temperature combustion mode with load flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 122-132.
    3. Koupaie, Mohammadmohsen Moslemin & Cairns, Alasdair & Vafamehr, Hassan & Lanzanova, Thompson Diordinis Metzka, 2019. "A study of hydrous ethanol combustion in an optical central direct injection spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 258-269.
    4. Mack, J. Hunter & Aceves, Salvador M. & Dibble, Robert W., 2009. "Demonstrating direct use of wet ethanol in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 782-787.
    5. Lanzanova, Thompson Diórdinis Metzka & Dalla Nora, Macklini & Martins, Mario Eduardo Santos & Machado, Paulo Romeu Moreira & Pedrozo, Vinícius Bernardes & Zhao, Hua, 2019. "The effects of residual gas trapping on part load performance and emissions of a spark ignition direct injection engine fuelled with wet ethanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Wang, Xiaochen & Gao, Jianbing & Chen, Zhanming & Chen, Hao & Zhao, Yuwei & Huang, Yuhan & Chen, Zhenbin, 2022. "Evaluation of hydrous ethanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 504-525.
    4. Siddiqui, Mohd Asjad & Khaliq, Abdul & Kumar, Rajesh, 2021. "Proposal and analysis of a novel cooling-power cogeneration system driven by the exhaust gas heat of HCCI engine fuelled by wet-ethanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    5. Shen, Zhaojie & Wang, Xinyan & Zhao, Hua & Lin, Bo & Shen, Yitao & Yang, Jianguo, 2021. "Numerical investigation of natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine with different piston geometries and radial clearances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    6. Jinyi Hu & Yongbao Liu & Xing He & Jianfeng Zhao & Shaojun Xia, 2024. "Application of NH 3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NO x Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-39, June.

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