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Online dynamic equalization adjustment of high-power lithium-ion battery packs based on the state of balance estimation

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  • Wang, Shunli
  • Shang, Liping
  • Li, Zhanfeng
  • Deng, Hu
  • Li, Jianchao

Abstract

A novel concept named as state of balance (SOB) is proposed and its online dynamic estimation method is presented for the high-power lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs, based on which the online dynamic equalization adjustment is realized aiming to protect the operation safety of its power supply application. The core parameter detection method based on the specific moving average algorithm is studied because of their identical varying characteristics on the individual cells due to the manufacturing variability and other factors, affecting the performance of the high-power LIB pack. The SOB estimation method is realized with the detailed deduction, in which a dual filter consisting of the Unscented Kalman filter (UKF), equivalent circuit model (ECM) and open circuit voltage (OCV) is used in order to predict the SOB state. It is beneficial for the energy operation and the energy performance state can be evaluated online prior to the adjustment method based on the terminal voltage consistency. The energy equalization is realized that is based on the credibility reasoning together with the equalization model building process. The experiments including the core parameter detection, SOB estimation and equalization adjustment are done and the experimental results are analyzed. The experiment results show that the numerical Coulomb efficiency is bigger than 95%. The cell voltage measurement error is less than 5mV and the terminal voltage measurement error of the LIB pack is less than 1% FS. The measurement error of the battery discharge and charge maintenance current is less than 1% FS. The SOB estimation error is less than 5% in the laboratory room, the temperature of which is about 25°C. The equalization charging current is 2A and the equalization discharging current is 4.4A, which can realize the real-time energy equalization adjustment among the connected cells in the LIB pack, guaranteeing its safety in the power supply application.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Shunli & Shang, Liping & Li, Zhanfeng & Deng, Hu & Li, Jianchao, 2016. "Online dynamic equalization adjustment of high-power lithium-ion battery packs based on the state of balance estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 44-58.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:166:y:2016:i:c:p:44-58
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.013
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    6. Yongcun Fan & Haotian Shi & Shunli Wang & Carlos Fernandez & Wen Cao & Junhan Huang, 2021. "A Novel Adaptive Function—Dual Kalman Filtering Strategy for Online Battery Model Parameters and State of Charge Co-Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-18, April.
    7. Chen, Haosen & Fan, Jinbao & Zhang, Mingliang & Feng, Xiaolong & Zhong, Ximing & He, Jianchao & Ai, Shigang, 2023. "Mechanism of inhomogeneous deformation and equal-stiffness design of large-format prismatic lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    8. Lin, Cheng & Yu, Quanqing & Xiong, Rui & Wang, Le Yi, 2017. "A study on the impact of open circuit voltage tests on state of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 892-902.
    9. Shixin Song & Feng Xiao & Silun Peng & Chuanxue Song & Yulong Shao, 2018. "A High-Efficiency Bidirectional Active Balance for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    10. Wang, Shun-Li & Fernandez, Carlos & Zou, Chuan-Yun & Yu, Chun-Mei & Chen, Lei & Zhang, Li, 2019. "A comprehensive working state monitoring method for power battery packs considering state of balance and aging correction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 444-455.
    11. Xiong, Rui & Yu, Quanqing & Wang, Le Yi & Lin, Cheng, 2017. "A novel method to obtain the open circuit voltage for the state of charge of lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles by using H infinity filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 346-353.
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