IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v165y2016icp967-982.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Improving energy efficiency of dedicated cooling system and its contribution towards meeting an energy-optimized data center

Author

Listed:
  • Cho, Jinkyun
  • Kim, Yundeok

Abstract

Data centers are approximately 50 times more energy-intensive than general buildings. The rapidly increasing energy demand for data center operation has motivated efforts to better understand data center electricity use and to identify strategies that reduce the environmental impact. This research is presented analytical approach to the energy efficiency optimization of high density data center, in a synergy with relevant performance analysis of corresponding case study. This paper builds on data center energy modeling efforts by characterizing climate and cooling system differences among data centers and then evaluating their consequences for building energy use. Representative climate conditions for four regions are applied to data center energy models for several different prototypical cooling types. This includes cooling system, supplemental cooling solutions, design conditions and controlling the environment of ICT equipment were generally used for each climate zone, how these affect energy efficiency, and how the prioritization of system selection is derived. Based on the climate classification and the required operating environmental conditions for data centers suggested by the ASHRAE TC 9.9, a dedicated data center energy evaluation tool was taken to examine the potential energy savings of the cooling technology. Incorporating economizer use into the cooling systems would increase the variation in energy efficiency among geographic regions, indicating that as data centers become more energy efficient, their locations will have an increasing effect on overall energy demand. The proposal for the most energy-optimized data center is given by each climate zone.

Suggested Citation

  • Cho, Jinkyun & Kim, Yundeok, 2016. "Improving energy efficiency of dedicated cooling system and its contribution towards meeting an energy-optimized data center," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 967-982.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:165:y:2016:i:c:p:967-982
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.099
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261915016724
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.099?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Garimella, Suresh V. & Persoons, Tim & Weibel, Justin & Yeh, Lian-Tuu, 2013. "Technological drivers in data centers and telecom systems: Multiscale thermal, electrical, and energy management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 66-80.
    2. Durand-Estebe, Baptiste & Le Bot, Cédric & Mancos, Jean Nicolas & Arquis, Eric, 2014. "Simulation of a temperature adaptive control strategy for an IWSE economizer in a data center," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 45-56.
    3. Ham, Sang-Woo & Kim, Min-Hwi & Choi, Byung-Nam & Jeong, Jae-Weon, 2015. "Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 258-275.
    4. Siriwardana, Jayantha & Jayasekara, Saliya & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2013. "Potential of air-side economizers for data center cooling: A case study for key Australian cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 207-219.
    5. Depoorter, Victor & Oró, Eduard & Salom, Jaume, 2015. "The location as an energy efficiency and renewable energy supply measure for data centres in Europe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 338-349.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Palomba, Valeria & Ferraro, Marco & Frazzica, Andrea & Vasta, Salvatore & Sergi, Francesco & Antonucci, Vincenzo, 2018. "Experimental and numerical analysis of a SOFC-CHP system with adsorption and hybrid chillers for telecommunication applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 620-633.
    2. Cho, Jinkyun, 2024. "Optimal supply air temperature with respect to data center operational stability and energy efficiency in a row-based cooling system under fault conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    3. Vesterlund, Mattias & Borisová, Stanislava & Emilsson, Ellinor, 2024. "Data center excess heat for mealworm farming, an applied analysis for sustainable protein production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    4. Lee, Yee-Ting & Wen, Chih-Yung & Shih, Yang-Cheng & Li, Zhengtong & Yang, An-Shik, 2022. "Numerical and experimental investigations on thermal management for data center with cold aisle containment configuration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Sijun Xu & Hua Zhang & Zilong Wang, 2023. "Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    6. Cheng Liu & Hang Yu, 2021. "Evaluation and Optimization of a Two-Phase Liquid-Immersion Cooling System for Data Centers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Cho, Jinkyun & Park, Beungyong & Jang, Seungmin, 2022. "Development of an independent modular air containment system for high-density data centers: Experimental investigation of row-based cooling performance and PUE," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    8. Olszewski, Pawel, 2022. "Experimental analysis of ON/OFF and variable speed drive controlled industrial chiller towards energy efficient operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    9. Cho, Jinkyun & Kim, Youngmo, 2021. "Development of modular air containment system: Thermal performance optimization of row-based cooling for high-density data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    10. Graamans, Luuk & Tenpierik, Martin & van den Dobbelsteen, Andy & Stanghellini, Cecilia, 2020. "Plant factories: Reducing energy demand at high internal heat loads through façade design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    11. Zhang, Hainan & Shao, Shuangquan & Tian, Changqing & Zhang, Kunzhu, 2018. "A review on thermosyphon and its integrated system with vapor compression for free cooling of data centers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 789-798.
    12. Borkowski, Mateusz & Piłat, Adam Krzysztof, 2022. "Customized data center cooling system operating at significant outdoor temperature fluctuations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    13. Tian, Tong & Wang, Xinyue & Liu, Yang & Yang, Xuan & Sun, Bo & Li, Ji, 2023. "Nano-engineering enabled heat pipe battery: A powerful heat transfer infrastructure with capability of power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    14. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Scherer, Thomas & K. Halgamuge, Saman, 2016. "Energy, environmental and economical saving potential of data centers with various economizers across Australia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1528-1549.
    15. Zhou, Haojie & Tian, Tong & Wang, Xinyue & Li, Ji, 2023. "Combining looped heat pipe and thermoelectric generator module to pursue data center servers with possible power usage effectiveness less than 1," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    16. Catrini, P. & Panno, D. & Cardona, F. & Piacentino, A., 2020. "Characterization of cooling loads in the wine industry and novel seasonal indicator for reliable assessment of energy saving through retrofit of chillers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    17. Li, Jian & Jurasz, Jakub & Li, Hailong & Tao, Wen-Quan & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yan, Jinyue, 2020. "A new indicator for a fair comparison on the energy performance of data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    18. Cristina Ramos Cáceres & Suzanna Törnroth & Mattias Vesterlund & Andreas Johansson & Marcus Sandberg, 2022. "Data-Center Farming: Exploring the Potential of Industrial Symbiosis in a Subarctic Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, February.
    19. Wang, Wei & Abdolrashidi, Amirali & Yu, Nanpeng & Wong, Daniel, 2019. "Frequency regulation service provision in data center with computational flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    20. Hu, Zhi-Hua & Zheng, Yu-Xin & Wang, You-Gan, 2022. "Packing computing servers into the vessel of an underwater data center considering cooling efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    21. Heran Jing & Zhenhua Quan & Yaohua Zhao & Lincheng Wang & Ruyang Ren & Ruixue Dong & Yuting Wu, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Split Natural Cooling System for Data Center Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-22, June.
    22. Yang, Ting & Zhao, Yingjie & Pen, Haibo & Wang, Zhaoxia, 2018. "Data center holistic demand response algorithm to smooth microgrid tie-line power fluctuation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 277-287.
    23. Kim, Hyunho & Zheng, Junjie & Yin, Zhenyuan & Kumar, Sreekala & Tee, Jackson & Seo, Yutaek & Linga, Praveen, 2022. "An electrical resistivity-based method for measuring semi-clathrate hydrate formation kinetics: Application for cold storage and transport," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chu, Wen-Xiao & Wang, Chi-Chuan, 2019. "A review on airflow management in data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 84-119.
    2. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Scherer, Thomas & K. Halgamuge, Saman, 2016. "Energy, environmental and economical saving potential of data centers with various economizers across Australia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1528-1549.
    3. Zhang, Hainan & Shao, Shuangquan & Xu, Hongbo & Zou, Huiming & Tang, Mingsheng & Tian, Changqing, 2017. "Simulation on the performance and free cooling potential of the thermosyphon mode in an integrated system of mechanical refrigeration and thermosyphon," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1604-1612.
    4. Heran Jing & Zhenhua Quan & Yaohua Zhao & Lincheng Wang & Ruyang Ren & Ruixue Dong & Yuting Wu, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Split Natural Cooling System for Data Center Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-22, June.
    5. Isazadeh, Amin & Ziviani, Davide & Claridge, David E., 2023. "Global trends, performance metrics, and energy reduction measures in datacom facilities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    6. Li, Jian & Jurasz, Jakub & Li, Hailong & Tao, Wen-Quan & Duan, Yuanyuan & Yan, Jinyue, 2020. "A new indicator for a fair comparison on the energy performance of data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    7. Xiaofei Huang & Junwei Yan & Xuan Zhou & Yixin Wu & Shichen Hu, 2023. "Cooling Technologies for Internet Data Center in China: Principle, Energy Efficiency, and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-31, October.
    8. Petrović, Stefan & Colangelo, Alessandro & Balyk, Olexandr & Delmastro, Chiara & Gargiulo, Maurizio & Simonsen, Mikkel Bosack & Karlsson, Kenneth, 2020. "The role of data centres in the future Danish energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    9. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Abdulla, Khalid & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2018. "Towards the stand-alone operation of data centers with free cooling and optimally sized hybrid renewable power generation and energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 451-472.
    10. Ying Wang & Xiang Huang & Junjie Chu & Yan Du & Xing Tang & Cong Dai & Gang Ma, 2022. "Analysis of an Evaporative Condensation System Coupled to a Microchannel-Separated Heat Pipe for Data Centers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-18, November.
    11. Sijun Xu & Hua Zhang & Zilong Wang, 2023. "Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    12. Zhang, L.Y. & Liu, Y.Y. & Guo, X. & Meng, X.Z. & Jin, L.W. & Zhang, Q.L. & Hu, W.J., 2017. "Experimental investigation and economic analysis of gravity heat pipe exchanger applied in communication base station," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 499-507.
    13. Han, Zongwei & Ji, Qiang & Wei, Haotian & Xue, Da & Sun, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Xueping & Li, Xiuming, 2020. "Simulation study on performance of data center air-conditioning system with novel evaporative condenser," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    14. Naoki Futawatari & Yosuke Udagawa & Taro Mori & Hirofumi Hayama, 2020. "Impact of Fan Airflow of IT Equipment on Thermal Environment and Energy Consumption of a Data Center," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-27, November.
    15. Yuan, Weixing & Yang, Bo & Yang, Yufei & Ren, Kexian & Xu, Jian & Liao, Yibing, 2015. "Development and experimental study of the characteristics of a prototype miniature vapor compression refrigerator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 47-57.
    16. Ham, Sang-Woo & Kim, Min-Hwi & Choi, Byung-Nam & Jeong, Jae-Weon, 2015. "Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 258-275.
    17. Han, Zongwei & Wei, Haotian & Sun, Xiaoqing & Bai, Chenguang & Xue, Da & Li, Xiuming, 2020. "Study on influence of operating parameters of data center air conditioning system based on the concept of on-demand cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 99-111.
    18. Qiankun Chang & Yuanfeng Huang & Kaiyan Liu & Xin Xu & Yaohua Zhao & Song Pan, 2024. "Optimization Control Strategies and Evaluation Metrics of Cooling Systems in Data Centers: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-41, August.
    19. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2017. "A Review on efficient thermal management of air- and liquid-cooled data centers: From chip to the cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1165-1188.
    20. Shuja, Junaid & Gani, Abdullah & Shamshirband, Shahaboddin & Ahmad, Raja Wasim & Bilal, Kashif, 2016. "Sustainable Cloud Data Centers: A survey of enabling techniques and technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 195-214.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:165:y:2016:i:c:p:967-982. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.