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Temperature effect on hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sp

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  • Reddy, Harvind Kumar
  • Muppaneni, Tapaswy
  • Ponnusamy, Sundaravadivelnathan
  • Sudasinghe, Nilusha
  • Pegallapati, Ambica
  • Selvaratnam, Thinesh
  • Seger, Mark
  • Dungan, Barry
  • Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany
  • Schaub, Tanner
  • Holguin, F. Omar
  • Lammers, Peter
  • Voorhies, Wayne
  • Deng, Shuguang

Abstract

Temperature effect on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sp. was investigated with 10% biomass loading at HTL temperatures of 180–330°C, and reaction time of 30min. Maximum yields of 47.5% for Nannochloropsis sp. and 32.5% biocrude oil yields for Chlorella sp. were obtained at 300°C. The higher heating values of biocrude oils produced in this work ranged between 34 and 39MJ/kg. 79% of energy in the Nannochloropsis sp. was recovered at 300°C and 62% of energy recovery from Chlorella sp. was achieved at 200°C. Valuable nutrients (NH3–N and PO43−) produced during the HTL process were quantified from the aqueous phase for both strains of biomass. The aqueous phase samples obtained at all temperatures were also analyzed for amino acids and carbohydrates. The suitable temperatures for extraction of lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates have been identified. Sequential HTL experiments conducted have shown the prospect of recovering nutrients and other valuable byproducts along with biocrude oil. The experimental results and analysis indicate that sustainable biofuel production requires the development of strain based strategies for the hydrothermal liquefaction process.

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  • Reddy, Harvind Kumar & Muppaneni, Tapaswy & Ponnusamy, Sundaravadivelnathan & Sudasinghe, Nilusha & Pegallapati, Ambica & Selvaratnam, Thinesh & Seger, Mark & Dungan, Barry & Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany , 2016. "Temperature effect on hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sp," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 943-951.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:165:y:2016:i:c:p:943-951
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.067
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    13. SundarRajan, P. & Gopinath, K.P. & Arun, J. & GracePavithra, K. & Adithya Joseph, A. & Manasa, S., 2021. "Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    14. Hu, Yulin & Gong, Mengyue & Feng, Shanghuan & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Bassi, Amarjeet, 2019. "A review of recent developments of pre-treatment technologies and hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae for bio-crude oil production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 476-492.
    15. SundarRajan, PanneerSelvam & Gopinath, Kannappan Panchamoorthy & Arun, Jayaseelan & GracePavithra, Kirubanandam & Pavendan, Kumar & AdithyaJoseph, Antonysamy, 2020. "An insight into carbon balance of product streams from hydrothermal liquefaction of Scenedesmus abundans biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 79-87.
    16. Yongsheng Zhang & Jamie Minaret & Zhongshun Yuan & Animesh Dutta & Chunbao (Charles) Xu, 2018. "Mild Hydrothermal Liquefaction of High Water Content Agricultural Residue for Bio-Crude Oil Production: A Parametric Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, November.
    17. Hietala, David C. & Godwin, Casey M. & Cardinale, Bradley J. & Savage, Phillip E., 2019. "The independent and coupled effects of feedstock characteristics and reaction conditions on biocrude production by hydrothermal liquefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 714-728.
    18. He, Zhixia & Wang, Bin & Zhang, Bo & Feng, Huan & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & Chen, Haitao, 2020. "Synergistic effect of hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Spirulina platensis and Lignin: Optimization of operating parameters by response surface methodology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    19. Kumar, Mayank & Olajire Oyedun, Adetoyese & Kumar, Amit, 2018. "A review on the current status of various hydrothermal technologies on biomass feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1742-1770.
    20. Xu, Donghai & Guo, Shuwei & Liu, Liang & Lin, Guike & Wu, Zhiqiang & Guo, Yang & Wang, Shuzhong, 2019. "Heterogeneous catalytic effects on the characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble biocrudes in chlorella hydrothermal liquefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 165-174.
    21. Collett, James R. & Billing, Justin M. & Meyer, Pimphan A. & Schmidt, Andrew J. & Remington, A. Brook & Hawley, Erik R. & Hofstad, Beth A. & Panisko, Ellen A. & Dai, Ziyu & Hart, Todd R. & Santosa, Da, 2019. "Renewable diesel via hydrothermal liquefaction of oleaginous yeast and residual lignin from bioconversion of corn stover," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 840-853.
    22. Wang, Bin & He, Zhixia & Zhang, Bo & Duan, Yibing, 2021. "Study on hydrothermal liquefaction of spirulina platensis using biochar based catalysts to produce bio-oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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