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Heterogeneous catalytic effects on the characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble biocrudes in chlorella hydrothermal liquefaction

Author

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  • Xu, Donghai
  • Guo, Shuwei
  • Liu, Liang
  • Lin, Guike
  • Wu, Zhiqiang
  • Guo, Yang
  • Wang, Shuzhong

Abstract

The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae produces water-soluble biocrude (WSB) and water-insoluble biocrude (WISB) simultaneously. The effects of heterogeneous catalysts (i.e. Pt/C, Ru/C, and Pt/C + Ru/C) on the properties of the two types of biocrudes derived from Chlorella HTL were explored for the first time. The results show that the addition of catalyst (Pt/C, Ru/C, or Pt/C + Ru/C) and/or the increase of residence time (from 10 to 30 min) could decrease the WSB fraction in total biocrude (WSB + WISB) mainly due to the improvement of the WISB yield. The catalytic effects on the WISB yield primarily occurred at the low algae loading (i.e., 1:10 of algae/water) condition, and there was a certain synergetic catalytic effect between Pt/C and Ru/C at this condition. The catalytic effect of Pt/C on the yields of WISB and total biocrude reduced as residence time increased. At the HTL conditions of 350 °C, 0.3 MPa H2, and 1:5 of algae/water for 30 min, Pt/C and Ru/C separately led to WSB and WISB with the highest C (63.57 and 74.16 wt%), H (7.34 and 8.44 wt%) contents and the lowest N (12.19 and 7.06 wt%), O (14.06 and 9.15 wt%) contents, and the highest HHVs (29.73 and 35.60 MJ/kg). The WISB produced with Pt/C mainly consisted of amides, hydrocarbons, organic acids and phenols. Pt/C could promote the cracking of high-molecular-weight compounds in WSB to form more low-boiling-point compounds.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Donghai & Guo, Shuwei & Liu, Liang & Lin, Guike & Wu, Zhiqiang & Guo, Yang & Wang, Shuzhong, 2019. "Heterogeneous catalytic effects on the characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble biocrudes in chlorella hydrothermal liquefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 165-174.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:243:y:2019:i:c:p:165-174
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.180
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    2. Wu, Yujian & Wang, Haoyu & Li, Haoyang & Han, Xue & Zhang, Mingyuan & Sun, Yan & Fan, Xudong & Tu, Ren & Zeng, Yimin & Xu, Chunbao Charles & Xu, Xiwei, 2022. "Applications of catalysts in thermochemical conversion of biomass (pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification): A critical review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 462-481.
    3. Zhao, Bojun & Li, Haoyang & Wang, Haoyu & Hu, Yulin & Gao, Jihui & Zhao, Guangbo & Ray, Madhumita B. & Xu, Chunbao Charles, 2021. "Synergistic effects of metallic Fe and other homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts in hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 543-554.

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