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Investigation of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of 2-stroke and 4-stroke spark ignition and CAI/HCCI operations in a DI gasoline

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  • Zhang, Y.
  • Zhao, H.

Abstract

In order to develop more efficient and cleaner gasoline engines, a number of new engine operating strategies have been proposed and researched on different engines, including the spark ignition (SI) and controlled autoignition (CAI) or HCCI in both 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycles in a poppet valve engine. In this work, a single cylinder direct injection gasoline engine equipped with an electro-hydraulic valve-train system has been commissioned and used to achieve seven different operating modes, including: 4-stroke throttle-controlled SI, 4-stroke intake valve throttled SI, 4-stroke positive valve overlap SI, 4-stroke negative valve overlap CAI, 4-stroke exhaust rebreathing CAI, 2-stroke CAI and 2-stroke SI. Their performance and emission characteristics were analysed and compared at a typical engine calibration operating condition of 1500rpm and 3.6bar IMEP in 4-stroke or 1.8bar IMEP in 2-stroke. Results show that 4-stroke positive valve overlap SI, 4-stroke NVO CAI and exhaust rebreathing CAI modes have better fuel economy and lower NOx emissions than the conventional throttled 4-stroke SI operation. The 2-stroke CAI operation was found to produce higher combustion efficiency and lower ISFC but lower brake efficiency than the 4-s-stroke operations at the same power output due to the supercharger’s efficiency. But, at the same IMEP as the 4-stroke operation, the 2-stroke CAI operation results in 29% reduction in BSFC, indicating its potential synergy with highly downsized direct injection gasoline engines for much better fuel economy and performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Y. & Zhao, H., 2014. "Investigation of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of 2-stroke and 4-stroke spark ignition and CAI/HCCI operations in a DI gasoline," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 244-255.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:130:y:2014:i:c:p:244-255
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Jung, Dongwon & Iida, Norimasa, 2015. "Closed-loop control of HCCI combustion for DME using external EGR and rebreathed EGR to reduce pressure-rise rate with combustion-phasing retard," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 315-330.
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    5. Yaozong Li & Han Wu & Yanli Liu & Lu Zhang & Yongping Qiang & Wei Liu & Jinlong Liu & Honglin Bai & Caifeng Hao & Yang Li, 2022. "Study on Engine Performance and Combustion System Optimization of a Poppet-Valve Two-Stroke Diesel Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Lanzanova, Thompson Diórdinis Metzka & Dalla Nora, Macklini & Zhao, Hua, 2016. "Performance and economic analysis of a direct injection spark ignition engine fueled with wet ethanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 230-239.
    7. Di Battista, D. & Mauriello, M. & Cipollone, R., 2015. "Waste heat recovery of an ORC-based power unit in a turbocharged diesel engine propelling a light duty vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 109-120.
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    9. Dalla Nora, Macklini & Zhao, Hua, 2015. "High load performance and combustion analysis of a four-valve direct injection gasoline engine running in the two-stroke cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 117-131.
    10. Fagundez, J.L.S. & Lanzanova, T.D.M. & Martins, M.E.S. & Salau, N.P.G., 2020. "Joint use of artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization to determine optimal performance of an ethanol SI engine operating with negative valve overlap strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    11. Xu, Zheng & Ji, Fenzhu & Ding, Shuiting & Zhao, Yunhai & Zhang, Xiangbo & Zhou, Yu & Zhang, Qi & Du, Farong, 2020. "High-altitude performance and improvement methods of poppet valves 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    12. M. Mofijur & M.M. Hasan & T.M.I. Mahlia & S.M. Ashrafur Rahman & A.S. Silitonga & Hwai Chyuan Ong, 2019. "Performance and Emission Parameters of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-21, September.

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