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Design of a lithium-ion battery pack for PHEV using a hybrid optimization method

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  • Xue, Nansi
  • Du, Wenbo
  • Greszler, Thomas A.
  • Shyy, Wei
  • Martins, Joaquim R.R.A.

Abstract

This paper outlines a method for optimizing the design of a lithium-ion battery pack for hybrid vehicle applications using a hybrid numerical optimization method that combines multiple individual optimizers. A gradient-free optimizer (ALPSO) is coupled with a gradient-based optimizer (SNOPT) to solve a mixed-integer nonlinear battery pack design problem. This method enables maximizing the properties of a battery pack subjected to multiple safety and performance constraints. The optimization framework is applied to minimize the mass, volume and material costs. The optimized pack design satisfies the energy and power constraints exactly and shows 13.9–18% improvement in battery pack properties over initial designs. The optimal pack designs also performed better in driving cycle tests, resulting in 23.1–32.8% increase in distance covered per unit of battery performance metric, where the metric is either mass, volume or material cost.

Suggested Citation

  • Xue, Nansi & Du, Wenbo & Greszler, Thomas A. & Shyy, Wei & Martins, Joaquim R.R.A., 2014. "Design of a lithium-ion battery pack for PHEV using a hybrid optimization method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 591-602.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:115:y:2014:i:c:p:591-602
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.044
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    6. Yan, Dongxiang & Lu, Languang & Li, Zhe & Feng, Xuning & Ouyang, Minggao & Jiang, Fachao, 2016. "Durability comparison of four different types of high-power batteries in HEV and their degradation mechanism analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1123-1130.
    7. Oh, Ki-Yong & Epureanu, Bogdan I., 2016. "Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 633-646.
    8. Chen, Jun & Garcia, Humberto E., 2016. "Economic optimization of operations for hybrid energy systems under variable markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 11-24.
    9. Julian Estaller & Anton Kersten & Manuel Kuder & Torbjörn Thiringer & Richard Eckerle & Thomas Weyh, 2022. "Overview of Battery Impedance Modeling Including Detailed State-of-the-Art Cylindrical 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Comparisons," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
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    11. Chang, Long & Ma, Chen & Zhang, Chenghui & Duan, Bin & Cui, Naxin & Li, Changlong, 2023. "Correlations of lithium-ion battery parameter variations and connected configurations on pack statistics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    12. Wang, Tao & Tseng, K.J. & Zhao, Jiyun & Wei, Zhongbao, 2014. "Thermal investigation of lithium-ion battery module with different cell arrangement structures and forced air-cooling strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 229-238.
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    14. Saw, L.H. & Ye, Y. & Tay, A.A.O., 2014. "Electro-thermal analysis and integration issues of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 97-107.

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