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Eggshell structure, measurements, and quality-affecting factors in laying hens: a review

Author

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  • M. Ketta

    (Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic)

  • E. Tůmová

    (Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Eggshell quality is one of the most significant factors affecting poultry industry; it economically influences egg production and hatchability. Eggshell consists of shell membranes and the true shell that includes mammillary layer, palisade layer, and cuticle. Measurements of eggshell quality include eggshell weight, shell percentage, breaking strength, thickness, and density. Mainly eggshell thickness and strength are affected by the time of egg components passage through the shell gland (uterus), eggshell ultra-structure (deposition of major units), and micro-structure (crystals size and orientation). Shell quality is affected by several internal and external factors. Major factors determining the quality or structure of eggshell are oviposition time, age, genotype, and housing system. Eggshell quality can be improved through optimization of genotype, housing system, and mineral nutrition.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Ketta & E. Tůmová, 2016. "Eggshell structure, measurements, and quality-affecting factors in laying hens: a review," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 61(7), pages 299-309.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:61:y:2016:i:7:id:46-2015-cjas
    DOI: 10.17221/46/2015-CJAS
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. E. Tůmová & T. Ebeid, 2005. "Effect of time of oviposition on egg quality characteristics in cages and in a litter housing system," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 50(3), pages 129-134.
    2. H. Kontecka & S. Nowaczewski & S. Krystianiak & M. Szychowiak & K. Kupś, 2014. "Effect of housing system on reproductive results in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.)," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 59(7), pages 319-326.
    3. M. Englmaierová & E. Tůmová & V. Charvátová & M. Skřivan, 2014. "Effects of laying hens housing system on laying performance, egg quality characteristics, and egg microbial contamination," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 59(8), pages 345-352.
    4. E. Tůmová & M. Englmaierová & Z. Ledvinka & V. Charvátová, 2011. "Interaction between housing system and genotype in relation to internal and external egg quality parameters," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 56(11), pages 490-498.
    5. E. Tůmová & L. Zita & M. Hubený & M. Skřivan & Z. Ledvinka, 2007. "The effect of oviposition time and genotype on egg quality characteristics in egg type hens," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 52(1), pages 26-30.
    6. P. Suchý & E. Straková & I. Herzig, 2014. "Selenium in poultry nutrition: a review," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 59(11), pages 495-503.
    7. V. Pištěková & M. Hovorka & V. Večerek & E. Straková & P. Suchý, 2006. "The quality comparison of eggs laid by laying hens kept in battery cages and in a deep litter system," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 51(7), pages 318-325.
    8. K. Venglovská & Ľ. Grešáková & I. Plachá & M. Ryzner & K. Čobanová, 2014. "Effects of feed supplementation with manganese from its different sources on performance and egg parameters of laying hens," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 59(4), pages 147-155.
    9. E. Tůmová & M. Skřivan & M. Englmaierová & L. Zita, 2009. "The effect of genotype, housing system and egg collection time on egg quality in egg type hens," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 54(1), pages 17-23.
    10. E. Tůmová & R.M. Gous & N. Tyler, 2014. "Effect of hen age, environmental temperature, and oviposition time on egg shell quality and egg shell and serum mineral contents in laying and broiler breeder hens," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 59(9), pages 435-443.
    11. E. Tůmová & R.M. Gous, 2012. "Interaction between oviposition time, age, and environmental temperature and egg quality traits in laying hens and broiler breeders," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 57(12), pages 541-549.
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    Cited by:

    1. Moataz Fathi & Tarek Ebeid & Gamal Rayan & Salah El-Safty & Osama Abou-Emera, 2018. "Genetic differences in eggshell ultrastructural properties of Saudi native chicken breeds kept at high ambient temperatures," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 63(9), pages 363-370.
    2. Mohamed Ketta & Eva Tumova, 2018. "Eggshell characteristics and cuticle deposition in three laying hen genotypes housed in enriched cages and on litter," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 63(1), pages 11-16.
    3. Eva Tůmová & Jana Vlčková & Darina Chodová, 2017. "Differences in oviposition and egg quality of various genotypes of laying hens," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(9), pages 377-383.
    4. Anna Musilova & Martina Lichovnikova & Lucie Kupcikova & Vojtech Anderle, 2017. "Effect of suboptimal levels of non-phytate phosphorus and exogenous phytase on precaecal digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in laying hens," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(11), pages 473-481.
    5. Jana Vlčková & Eva Tůmová & Mohamed Ketta & Michaela Englmaierová & Darina Chodová, 2018. "Effect of housing system and age of laying hens on eggshell quality, microbial contamination, and penetration of microorganisms into eggs," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 63(2), pages 51-60.
    6. Laura Aline Zanelatto de Souza & Heder José D'Avila Lima & Renata Aparecida Martins & Andrey Sávio de Almeida Assunção & Donaldo Antônio Nunes Junior & Willian Ferreira Silva & Felipe Gomes da Silva, 2019. "Egg yolk colour and retinol concentration of eggs from laying hens fed diets containing carrot and beetroot meal," Czech Journal of Animal Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(9), pages 395-403.

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