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Entrer sur le marché du travail en période de récession : quels effets sur le parcours familial ?

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  • Engdahl, Mattias
  • Godard, Mathilde
  • Skans, Oskar N.

Abstract

Nous étudions les conséquences à court et à long terme de l’entrée sur le marché du travail sur les trajectoires professionnelles, la formation et la dissolution de la famille. Notre analyse mobilise des données individuelles provenant de registres administratifs suédois appariés (1986-2013). Le contexte est celui de la récession suédoise du début des années 1990, qui génère en quelques années une hausse rapide et durable du taux de chômage. Afin de pallier le problème de ‘‘timing’’ endogène d’entrée sur le marché du travail, nous exploitons une politique pilote prolongeant de deux à trois ans la durée de l’enseignement professionnel entre 1987 et 1991. Une stratégie en différence-de-différences nous permet comparer des femmes en tout point similaires, mais sortant du système scolaire à un an d’intervalle, tout en en contrôlant l’effet d’une année d’éducation supplémentaire. Nos résultats montrent que des conditions économiques dégradées à l’entrée sur le marché du travail ont un impact néfaste, mais temporaire et de courte durée, sur la participation au marché du travail et le salaire des femmes. A contrario, ces femmes sont plus nombreuses à percevoir des aides sociales, et ce même vingt ans après être entrées sur le marché du travail. Nous montrons que cet effet s’explique moins par une dégradation de la trajectoire professionnelle que par une formation altérée de la famille. En effet, nos résultats suggèrent que les femmes qui entrent sur le marché en période de récession accélèrent leur mise en couple et l’arrivée de leur premier enfant, et ce au détriment de la qualité du couple formé. Presque vingt ans après leur entrée sur le marché du travail, les divorces sont plus fréquents, et ces femmes sont plus nombreuses à être des mères célibataires. Nous développons un modèle théorique simplifié permettant de rendre compte de ces résultats.

Suggested Citation

  • Engdahl, Mattias & Godard, Mathilde & Skans, Oskar N., 2019. "Entrer sur le marché du travail en période de récession : quels effets sur le parcours familial ?," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 1903, CEPREMAP.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpm:docweb:1903
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    References listed on IDEAS

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