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Towards Explainability of Machine Learning Models in Insurance Pricing

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  • Kevin Kuo
  • Daniel Lupton

Abstract

Machine learning methods have garnered increasing interest among actuaries in recent years. However, their adoption by practitioners has been limited, partly due to the lack of transparency of these methods, as compared to generalized linear models. In this paper, we discuss the need for model interpretability in property & casualty insurance ratemaking, propose a framework for explaining models, and present a case study to illustrate the framework.

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  • Kevin Kuo & Daniel Lupton, 2020. "Towards Explainability of Machine Learning Models in Insurance Pricing," Papers 2003.10674, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2003.10674
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roel Verbelen & Katrien Antonio & Gerda Claeskens, 2018. "Unravelling the predictive power of telematics data in car insurance pricing," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 67(5), pages 1275-1304, November.
    2. Kevin Kuo, 2018. "DeepTriangle: A Deep Learning Approach to Loss Reserving," Papers 1804.09253, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2019.
    3. Yi Yang & Wei Qian & Hui Zou, 2018. "Insurance Premium Prediction via Gradient Tree-Boosted Tweedie Compound Poisson Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(3), pages 456-470, July.
    4. Kevin Kuo, 2019. "DeepTriangle: A Deep Learning Approach to Loss Reserving," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-12, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shengkun Xie & Kun Shi, 2023. "Generalised Additive Modelling of Auto Insurance Data with Territory Design: A Rate Regulation Perspective," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Emer Owens & Barry Sheehan & Martin Mullins & Martin Cunneen & Juliane Ressel & German Castignani, 2022. "Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Insurance," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-50, December.
    3. Christopher Blier-Wong & Hélène Cossette & Luc Lamontagne & Etienne Marceau, 2020. "Machine Learning in P&C Insurance: A Review for Pricing and Reserving," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-26, December.
    4. Shengkun Xie & Rebecca Luo, 2022. "Measuring Variable Importance in Generalized Linear Models for Modeling Size of Loss Distributions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-19, May.

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