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A bias-reduced approach to density estimation using Bernstein polynomials

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  • Alexandre Leblanc

Abstract

Mixtures of Beta densities have led to different methods of density estimation for univariate data assumed to have compact support. One such method relies on Bernstein polynomials and leads to good approximation properties for the resulting estimator of the underlying density f. In particular, if f is twice continuously differentiable, this estimator can be shown to attain the optimal nonparametric convergence rate of n−4/5 in terms of mean integrated squared error (MISE). However, this rate cannot be improved upon directly when relying on the usual Bernstein polynomials, no matter what other assumptions are made on the smoothness of f.In this note, we show how a simple method of bias reduction can lead to a Bernstein-based estimator that does achieve a higher rate of convergence. Precisely, we exhibit a bias-corrected estimator that achieves the optimal nonparametric MISE rate of n−8/9 when the underlying density f is four times continuously differentiable on its support.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandre Leblanc, 2010. "A bias-reduced approach to density estimation using Bernstein polynomials," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 459-475.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:gnstxx:v:22:y:2010:i:4:p:459-475
    DOI: 10.1080/10485250903318107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexandre Leblanc, 2009. "Chung–Smirnov property for Bernstein estimators of distribution functions," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 133-142.
    2. Sonia Petrone & Larry Wasserman, 2002. "Consistency of Bernstein polynomial posteriors," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 64(1), pages 79-100, January.
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    5. Yoshihide Kakizawa, 2006. "Bernstein polynomial estimation of a spectral density," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 253-287, March.
    6. Sonia Petrone, 1999. "Random Bernstein Polynomials," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 26(3), pages 373-393, September.
    7. Chen, Song Xi, 1999. "Beta kernel estimators for density functions," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 131-145, August.
    8. I‐Shou Chang & Chao A. Hsiung & Yuh‐Jenn Wu & Che‐Chi Yang, 2005. "Bayesian Survival Analysis Using Bernstein Polynomials," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 32(3), pages 447-466, September.
    9. Ingrid K. Glad & Nils Lid Hjort & Nikolai G. Ushakov, 2003. "Correction of Density Estimators that are not Densities," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 30(2), pages 415-427, June.
    10. Axel Tenbusch, 1997. "Nonparametric curve estimation with bernstein estimates," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 1-30, January.
    11. Nidhan Choudhuri & Subhashis Ghosal & Anindya Roy, 2004. "Bayesian Estimation of the Spectral Density of a Time Series," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 99, pages 1050-1059, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ouimet, Frédéric, 2021. "Asymptotic properties of Bernstein estimators on the simplex," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    2. Ouimet, Frédéric & Tolosana-Delgado, Raimon, 2022. "Asymptotic properties of Dirichlet kernel density estimators," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    3. Lina Wang & Dawei Lu, 2023. "Application of Bernstein Polynomials on Estimating a Distribution and Density Function in a Triangular Array," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Alexandre Leblanc, 2012. "On estimating distribution functions using Bernstein polynomials," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 64(5), pages 919-943, October.
    5. Hirukawa, Masayuki & Sakudo, Mari, 2014. "Nonnegative bias reduction methods for density estimation using asymmetric kernels," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 112-123.
    6. Gaku Igarashi & Yoshihide Kakizawa, 2014. "On improving convergence rate of Bernstein polynomial density estimator," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 61-84, March.
    7. Belalia, Mohamed, 2016. "On the asymptotic properties of the Bernstein estimator of the multivariate distribution function," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 249-256.
    8. Manté, Claude, 2015. "Iterated Bernstein operators for distribution function and density estimation: Balancing between the number of iterations and the polynomial degree," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 68-84.
    9. Lu, Lu, 2015. "On the uniform consistency of the Bernstein density estimator," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 52-61.
    10. Igarashi, Gaku & Kakizawa, Yoshihide, 2014. "Re-formulation of inverse Gaussian, reciprocal inverse Gaussian, and Birnbaum–Saunders kernel estimators," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 235-246.
    11. Belalia, Mohamed & Bouezmarni, Taoufik & Leblanc, Alexandre, 2017. "Smooth conditional distribution estimators using Bernstein polynomials," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 166-182.
    12. Gaku Igarashi, 2016. "Bias reductions for beta kernel estimation," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 1-30, March.
    13. Dawei Lu & Lina Wang, 2021. "On the Rates of Asymptotic Normality for Bernstein Polynomial Estimators in a Triangular Array," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 1519-1536, December.
    14. Frédéric Ouimet, 2021. "General Formulas for the Central and Non-Central Moments of the Multinomial Distribution," Stats, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-10, January.
    15. Ghosh, Sujit K. & Burns, Christopher B. & Prager, Daniel L. & Zhang, Li & Hui, Glenn, 2018. "On nonparametric estimation of the latent distribution for ordinal data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 86-98.
    16. Turnbull, Bradley C. & Ghosh, Sujit K., 2014. "Unimodal density estimation using Bernstein polynomials," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 13-29.

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