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Is it all about money? An examination of the motives behind moonlighting

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  • Heather Dickey
  • Verity Watson
  • Alexandros Zangelidis

Abstract

Multiple-job holding is an important labour market phenomenon. In this article, we examine individuals' motives for multiple-job holding. Specifically, we estimate an empirical model of the motivation for moonlighting assuming that individuals hold a second job for either financial or for nonpecuniary motives. Our results contribute to a better understanding of multiple-job holding. We find that multiple-job holding is used by individuals as a way to deal with the financial difficulties or the increased financial commitments in their household. Individuals are more likely to moonlight for money in the early stages of their adult life. Finally, individuals with more labour market experience are more likely to moonlight for pecuniary than nonpecuniary reasons.

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  • Heather Dickey & Verity Watson & Alexandros Zangelidis, 2011. "Is it all about money? An examination of the motives behind moonlighting," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(26), pages 3767-3774.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:43:y:2011:i:26:p:3767-3774
    DOI: 10.1080/00036841003724403
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paxson, Christina H & Sicherman, Nachum, 1996. "The Dynamics of Dual Job Holding and Job Mobility," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(3), pages 357-393, July.
    2. Krishnan, Pramila, 1990. "The Economics of Moonlighting: A Double Self-Selection Model: Errata," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(4), pages 712-712, November.
    3. Zhongmin Wu & Mark Baimbridge & Yu Zhu, 2009. "Multiple job holding in the United Kingdom: evidence from the British Household Panel Survey," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(21), pages 2751-2766.
    4. Smith Conway, Karen & Kimmel, Jean, 1998. "Male labor supply estimates and the decision to moonlight," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 135-166, June.
    5. Krishnan, Pramila, 1990. "The Economics of Moonlighting: A Double Self-Selection Model," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(2), pages 361-367, May.
    6. Susan Averett, 2001. "Moonlighting: multiple motives and gender differences," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(11), pages 1391-1410.
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    Cited by:

    1. Meriem Hodge Doucette & W. David Bradford, 2019. "Dual Job Holding and the Gig Economy: Allocation of Effort across Primary and Gig Jobs," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 85(4), pages 1217-1242, April.
    2. Wieteke Conen & Jonas Stein, 2021. "A panel study of the consequences of multiple jobholding: enrichment and depletion effects," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 219-236, May.
    3. Mohd Daud, Siti Nurazira & Osman, Zaiton & Samsudin, Shamzaeffa & Phang, Ing Grace, 2024. "Adapting to the gig economy: Determinants of financial resilience among “Giggers”," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 756-771.
    4. Lo, Simon M.S. & Wilke, Ralf A. & Emura, Takeshi, 2024. "A semiparametric model for the cause-specific hazard under risk proportionality," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    5. Wieteke Conen & Paul de Beer, 2021. "When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 165-180, May.
    6. Wieteke Conen & Karin Schulze Buschoff, 2021. "Introduction to the special issue: multiple jobholding in Europe," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 141-147, May.
    7. Conen, Wieteke, 2020. "Multiple jobholding in Europe: Structure and dynamics," WSI Studies 20, The Institute of Economic and Social Research (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation.
    8. Konstantinos Pouliakas & Wieteke S. Conen, 2023. "Multiple job-holding: Career pathway or dire straits?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 3562-3562, December.
    9. Philipp Lentge, 2022. "Second job holding in Germany – a persistent feature?," Working Paper Series in Economics 416, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    10. Andrew Atherton & João R. Faria & Daniel Wheatley & Dongxu Wu & Zhongmin Wu, 2016. "The decision to moonlight: does second job holding by the self-employed and employed differ?," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(3), pages 279-299, May.
    11. Jan Erik Askildsen & Tor Helge Holmås, 2013. "Wages and work conditions as determinants for physicians’ work decisions," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(3), pages 397-406, January.
    12. Wieteke Conen & Karin Schulze Buschoff, 2021. "Introduction au numéro spécial: Le cumul d’emplois en Europe," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 149-155, May.
    13. Thomas Longden & David Throsby, 2021. "Non‐Pecuniary Rewards, Multiple Job‐Holding and the Labour Supply of Creative Workers: The Case of Book Authors," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 97(316), pages 24-44, March.
    14. Paul Glavin, 2020. "Multiple jobs? The prevalence, intensity and determinants of multiple jobholding in Canada," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 383-402, September.
    15. Sabine Raeder, 2018. "Psychological Contracts of Multiple Jobholders: A Multilevel Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 8(2), pages 21582440187, May.
    16. Agnieszka Piasna & Marcello Pedaci & Jan Czarzasty, 2021. "Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 181-199, May.
    17. Wieteke Conen & Karin Schulze Buschoff, 2021. "Einleitung zur Themenausgabe: Mehrfachbeschäftigung in Europa," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 157-164, May.

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