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On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada

Author

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  • Olena Kostyshyna
  • Etienne Lalé

Abstract

In Canada, the fraction of workers holding multiple jobs has almost tripled since the mid‐1970s. In this paper, we document this historical change and provide a comprehensive account of its dynamics. We use restricted‐access panel micro‐data from the Canadian labour force survey to construct transition probabilities in and out of multiple jobholding. We analyze these data through the lens of a trend decomposition that separates out the role of worker inflows and outflows. The upward trend in multiple jobholding is explained chiefly by the increased likelihood of single jobholders to pick up second jobs. While economic reasons remain important, a more flexible hours schedule of the main job adds to the factors that push workers towards multiple jobholding. Sur l'évolution du cumul d'emploi au Canada. Au Canada, la fraction de travailleurs qui occupent simultanément plusieurs emplois a presque triplé depuis le milieu des années 1970. Cet article fait état de ce changement historique et présente une description complète de ses dynamiques. Nous utilisons les microdonnées du panel à accès limité de l'Enquête sur la population active du Canada afin d'établir des probabilités de transition vers l'acceptation et l'arrêt d'un deuxième emploi. Nous analysons ces probabilités à travers le prisme d'une décomposition de la tendance qui sépare le rôle des entrées dans le cumul d'emploi et des sorties hors de celui‐ci. La tendance ascendante en matière d'emplois simultanés s'explique surtout par la probabilité accrue que des travailleurs qui occupent un seul emploi en acceptent un deuxième. Bien que les raisons économiques demeurent importantes parmi les motifs qui poussent les travailleurs à occuper simultanément plusieurs postes, l'horaire de travail plus flexible du premier emploi explique pourquoi l'entrée dans un deuxième emploi est devenu plus fréquente.

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  • Olena Kostyshyna & Etienne Lalé, 2022. "On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1095-1134, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:1095-1134
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12592
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    Cited by:

    1. Olena Kostyshyna & Etienne Lalé, 2022. "On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1095-1134, May.
    2. Sum Lo Simon Ming, 2023. "Desired work-leisure balance in a partial equilibrium job search model with multiple job holding," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-43, December.
    3. Paul Glavin, 2020. "Multiple jobs? The prevalence, intensity and determinants of multiple jobholding in Canada," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 383-402, September.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General

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