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Gender, Parenthood and Wage Differences: The Importance of Time-Consuming Job Characteristics

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  • Charlotta Magnusson

    (Stockholm University)

  • Magnus Nermo

    (Stockholm University)

Abstract

Using data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (2000, 2010), we investigate how the gender wage gap varies with occupational prestige and family status and also examine the extent to which this gap is explained by time-consuming working conditions. In addition, we investigate whether there is an association between parenthood, job characteristics and wage (as differentiated by gender). The analyses indicate that there are gender differences regarding prestige-based pay-offs among parents that are partly explained by fathers’ greater access to employment characterized by time-consuming conditions. Separate analyses for men and women demonstrate the presence of a marriage wage premium for both genders, although only men have a parenthood wage premium. This fatherhood premium is however only present in high-prestigious occupations. Compared with childless men, fathers are also more advantaged in terms of access to jobs with time-consuming working conditions, but the wage gap between fathers and childless men is not explained by differences in access to such working conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotta Magnusson & Magnus Nermo, 2017. "Gender, Parenthood and Wage Differences: The Importance of Time-Consuming Job Characteristics," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 131(2), pages 797-816, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:131:y:2017:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-016-1271-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-016-1271-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Katarina Boye, 2019. "Care More, Earn Less? The Association between Taking Paid Leave to Care for Sick Children and Wages among Swedish Parents," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 33(6), pages 983-1001, December.
    2. Lauren Bari, 2024. "Gendered Divergence in the Impact of Parenthood on Wages: The Role of Family Size, Human Capital and Working Time," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 546-561, September.
    3. Magda, Iga & Lipowska, Katarzyna, 2021. "Flexibility of Working Time Arrangements and Female Labor Market Outcome," IZA Discussion Papers 14812, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Xinxin Ma, 2023. "Trade union and gender wage gap: Evidence from China," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 43(2), pages 1098-1110.
    5. Anne Laure Humbert & Elisabeth Anna Guenther & Jörg Müller, 2021. "Not Simply ‘Counting Heads’: A Gender Diversity Index for the Team Level," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 157(2), pages 689-707, September.
    6. Tharp, Derek & Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth & Lurtz, Meghaan & Kitces, Michael, 2020. "Exploring Gender Differences in Marriage and Parental Income Premiums among Financial Advisors," SocArXiv 7k95t, Center for Open Science.
    7. Anne Grönlund & Ida Öun, 2020. "Minding the Care Gap: Daycare Usage and the Negotiation of Work, Family and Gender Among Swedish Parents," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 259-280, August.
    8. Derek T. Tharp & Elizabeth J. Parks-Stamm & Meghaan Lurtz & Michael Kitces, 2022. "Exploring Gender Differences in Marital and Parental Income Premiums Among Financial Advisors," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 15-35, March.

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