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The Lake Michigan meteotsunamis of 1954 revisited

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  • Adam Bechle
  • Chin Wu

Abstract

Two large meteotsunami wave events on Lake Michigan impacted the Chicago coastline within 10 days of each other in 1954. Initial data analysis suggested that the fatal first event (June 26) was caused by a Proudman resonant non-trapped wave, while the second event (July 6) was caused by Greenspan resonant trapped edge waves. In this study, a numerical hydrodynamic model was used to reveal the detailed behavior of these events. For both events, the atmospheric pressure and wind perturbations were found to be essential to explain the magnitude of the wave activity, in contrast to the initial conclusions that the waves were primarily pressure-driven. In the June 26 meteotsunami, Proudman resonance wave was the primary cause of the destructive wave, though the storm also generated edge waves which persisted for many hours, hindering rescue efforts. The maximum wave heights for the July 6 event were found to be the product of a superposition of edge waves and non-trapped waves rather than purely edge waves as originally thought. The results from these events demonstrate the enclosed Lake Michigan basin retained and focused wave energy, leading to their large magnitude, long duration, and destructive nature. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Adam Bechle & Chin Wu, 2014. "The Lake Michigan meteotsunamis of 1954 revisited," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 74(1), pages 155-177, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:74:y:2014:i:1:p:155-177
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1193-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark D. Powell & Peter J. Vickery & Timothy A. Reinhold, 2003. "Reduced drag coefficient for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones," Nature, Nature, vol. 422(6929), pages 279-283, March.
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    1. Gozde Guney Dogan & Efim Pelinovsky & Andrey Zaytsev & Ayse Duha Metin & Gulizar Ozyurt Tarakcioglu & Ahmet Cevdet Yalciner & Bora Yalciner & Ira Didenkulova, 2021. "Long wave generation and coastal amplification due to propagating atmospheric pressure disturbances," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(2), pages 1195-1221, March.
    2. Eric J. Anderson & Greg E. Mann, 2021. "A high-amplitude atmospheric inertia–gravity wave-induced meteotsunami in Lake Michigan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(2), pages 1489-1501, March.
    3. Li-Ching Lin & Chin H. Wu, 2021. "Unexpected meteotsunamis prior to Typhoon Wipha and Typhoon Neoguri," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(2), pages 1673-1686, March.
    4. Jadranka Šepić & Alexander Rabinovich, 2014. "Meteotsunami in the Great Lakes and on the Atlantic coast of the United States generated by the “derecho” of June 29–30, 2012," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 74(1), pages 75-107, October.
    5. Chenfu Huang & Eric Anderson & Yi Liu & Gangfeng Ma & Greg Mann & Pengfei Xue, 2022. "Evaluating essential processes and forecast requirements for meteotsunami-induced coastal flooding," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(3), pages 1693-1718, February.
    6. Myung-Seok Kim & Hyunmin Eom & Sung Hyup You & Seung-Buhm Woo, 2021. "Real-time pressure disturbance monitoring system in the Yellow Sea: pilot test during the period of March to April 2018," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(2), pages 1703-1728, March.
    7. Emile A. Okal, 2021. "On the possibility of seismic recording of meteotsunamis," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(2), pages 1125-1147, March.
    8. Michael Angove & Lewis Kozlosky & Philip Chu & Greg Dusek & Greg Mann & Eric Anderson & James Gridley & Diego Arcas & Vasily Titov & Marie Eble & Kimberly McMahon & Brian Hirsch & Walt Zaleski, 2021. "Addressing the meteotsunami risk in the united states," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(2), pages 1467-1487, March.
    9. Jihwan Kim & Byoung-Ju Choi & Rachid Omira, 2022. "On the Greenspan resurgence of meteotsunamis in the Yellow Sea—insights from the newly discovered 11–12 June 2009 event," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(2), pages 1323-1340, November.

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