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Le lien salaire-emploi dans la théorie de la régulation. Autant de relations que de configurations institutionnelles

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  • Robert Boyer

Abstract

[fre] Les théories contemporaines sont construites sur l'hypothèse d'une forte substituabilité entre travail et équipement en réponse aux signaux des marchés, en particulier aux prix relatifs. La théorie de la régulation enregistre plutôt la complémentarité des facteurs et propose la notion de rapport salarial pour rendre compte de la densité des institutions et procédures de coordination, autres que les prix, qui régissent le travail. Existent alors autant de liens salaire/emploi que de formes du rapport salarial et d'architectures institutionnelles. Ce lien était légèrement positif dans le régime de croissance fordiste mais il peut être négatif pour les économies fortement concurrencées. L'article présente un panorama des résultats obtenus simultanément par les études historiques longues, les comparaisons internationales et les formalisations dont certaines établissent un lien entre micro et macro-économie. Ainsi chacune des quatre configurations du rapport salarial (concurrentiel, fordiste, mésocorporatiste ou social-démocrate) livre des élasticités différentes de l'emploi par rapport au salaire. Sous l'impact de l'internationalisation et de la libéralisation financière, cette élasticité, de positive peut devenir négative, pour la même économie de base. Enfin, on peut démontrer analytiquement la prépondérance des problèmes de coordination par rapport aux caractéristiques proprement technologiques. Un chantier s'ouvre pour la théorie de la régulation : cerner les rapports salariaux émergents. En attendant, prudence à l'égard des politiques qui prônent une réduction massive du coût du travail comme solution au chômage. [eng] Contemporary research is built upon a strong substituability between labour and capital in response to the signals of relative prices, specially of real wage. "Régulation theory" takes into account the rough complementarity of production factors, as evidenced by econometric studies, and proposes the notions of wage labour nexus in order to capture the density of institutions and coordinating mechanisms, other than prices, which govern labour adjustments. Thus as many wage/employment elasticities are observed as institutional architectures. It was positive within the Fordist growth regime, but it may be negative for small open economies under strong external competition. The paper provides a panorama of the main results obtained by long run historical studies, international comparisons, as well

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  • Robert Boyer, 1999. "Le lien salaire-emploi dans la théorie de la régulation. Autant de relations que de configurations institutionnelles," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(1), pages 101-161.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1999_num_34_1_1254
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1999.1254
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1999.1254
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