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Spin liquids in frustrated magnets

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  • Leon Balents

    (Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara)

Abstract

Frustrated magnets are materials in which localized magnetic moments, or spins, interact through competing exchange interactions that cannot be simultaneously satisfied, giving rise to a large degeneracy of the system ground state. Under certain conditions, this can lead to the formation of fluid-like states of matter, so-called spin liquids, in which the constituent spins are highly correlated but still fluctuate strongly down to a temperature of absolute zero. The fluctuations of the spins in a spin liquid can be classical or quantum and show remarkable collective phenomena such as emergent gauge fields and fractional particle excitations. This exotic behaviour is now being uncovered in the laboratory, providing insight into the properties of spin liquids and challenges to the theoretical description of these materials.

Suggested Citation

  • Leon Balents, 2010. "Spin liquids in frustrated magnets," Nature, Nature, vol. 464(7286), pages 199-208, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:464:y:2010:i:7286:d:10.1038_nature08917
    DOI: 10.1038/nature08917
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    Cited by:

    1. Daisuke Yamamoto & Takahiro Sakurai & Ryosuke Okuto & Susumu Okubo & Hitoshi Ohta & Hidekazu Tanaka & Yoshiya Uwatoko, 2021. "Continuous control of classical-quantum crossover by external high pressure in the coupled chain compound CsCuCl3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Han Zhang & Chengkun Xing & Kyle Noordhoek & Zhaoyu Liu & Tianhao Zhao & Lukas Horák & Qing Huang & Lin Hao & Junyi Yang & Shashi Pandey & Elbio Dagotto & Zhigang Jiang & Jiun-Haw Chu & Yan Xin & Eun , 2023. "Anomalous magnetoresistance by breaking ice rule in Bi2Ir2O7/Dy2Ti2O7 heterostructure," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Youngsu Choi & Suheon Lee & Je-Ho Lee & Seungyeol Lee & Maeng-Je Seong & Kwang-Yong Choi, 2021. "Bosonic spinons in anisotropic triangular antiferromagnets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Shingo Toyoda & Manfred Fiebig & Lea Forster & Taka-hisa Arima & Yoshinori Tokura & Naoki Ogawa, 2021. "Writing of strain-controlled multiferroic ribbons into MnWO4," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
    5. Xiaohu Zheng & Zheng-Xin Liu & Cuiwei Zhang & Huaxue Zhou & Chongli Yang & Youguo Shi & Katsumi Tanigaki & Rui-Rui Du, 2024. "Incommensurate charge super-modulation and hidden dipole order in layered kitaev material α-RuCl3," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    6. Jiangang Yang & Xinwei Yi & Zhen Zhao & Yuyang Xie & Taimin Miao & Hailan Luo & Hao Chen & Bo Liang & Wenpei Zhu & Yuhan Ye & Jing-Yang You & Bo Gu & Shenjin Zhang & Fengfeng Zhang & Feng Yang & Zhimi, 2023. "Observation of flat band, Dirac nodal lines and topological surface states in Kagome superconductor CsTi3Bi5," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    7. Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla & Jack Raymond & Kelly Boothby & Juan Carrasquilla & Cristiano Nisoli & Andrew D. King, 2023. "Kagome qubit ice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
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    9. Han Li & Enze Lv & Ning Xi & Yuan Gao & Yang Qi & Wei Li & Gang Su, 2024. "Magnetocaloric effect of topological excitations in Kitaev magnets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Quanzhen Zhang & Wen-Yu He & Yu Zhang & Yaoyao Chen & Liangguang Jia & Yanhui Hou & Hongyan Ji & Huixia Yang & Teng Zhang & Liwei Liu & Hong-Jun Gao & Thomas A. Jung & Yeliang Wang, 2024. "Quantum spin liquid signatures in monolayer 1T-NbSe2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Ying Xiang & Qing Li & Yongkai Li & Wei Xie & Huan Yang & Zhiwei Wang & Yugui Yao & Hai-Hu Wen, 2021. "Twofold symmetry of c-axis resistivity in topological kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 with in-plane rotating magnetic field," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    12. Hangyu Zhou & Manuel dos Santos Dias & Youguang Zhang & Weisheng Zhao & Samir Lounis, 2024. "Kagomerization of transition metal monolayers induced by two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    13. A. Pustogow & Y. Kawasugi & H. Sakurakoji & N. Tajima, 2023. "Chasing the spin gap through the phase diagram of a frustrated Mott insulator," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    14. Q. Stahl & T. Ritschel & G. Garbarino & F. Cova & A. Isaeva & T. Doert & J. Geck, 2024. "Pressure-tuning of α-RuCl3 towards a quantum spin liquid," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    15. Tao Hong & Tao Ying & Qing Huang & Sachith E. Dissanayake & Yiming Qiu & Mark M. Turnbull & Andrey A. Podlesnyak & Yan Wu & Huibo Cao & Yaohua Liu & Izuru Umehara & Jun Gouchi & Yoshiya Uwatoko & Masa, 2022. "Evidence for pressure induced unconventional quantum criticality in the coupled spin ladder antiferromagnet C9H18N2CuBr4," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    16. S. A. Zvyagin & A. N. Ponomaryov & J. Wosnitza & D. Hirai & Z. Hiroi & M. Gen & Y. Kohama & A. Matsuo & Y. H. Matsuda & K. Kindo, 2022. "Dimensional reduction and incommensurate dynamic correlations in the $$S=\frac{1}{2}$$ S = 1 2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ca3ReO5Cl2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    17. Jordyn Hales & Utkarsh Bajpai & Tongtong Liu & Denitsa R. Baykusheva & Mingda Li & Matteo Mitrano & Yao Wang, 2023. "Witnessing light-driven entanglement using time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    18. Alessio Chiocchetta & Dominik Kiese & Carl Philipp Zelle & Francesco Piazza & Sebastian Diehl, 2021. "Cavity-induced quantum spin liquids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    19. Yuki Nakata & Katsuaki Sugawara & Ashish Chainani & Hirofumi Oka & Changhua Bao & Shaohua Zhou & Pei-Yu Chuang & Cheng-Maw Cheng & Tappei Kawakami & Yasuaki Saruta & Tomoteru Fukumura & Shuyun Zhou & , 2021. "Robust charge-density wave strengthened by electron correlations in monolayer 1T-TaSe2 and 1T-NbSe2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    20. Schmidt, M. & Zimmer, F.M. & Magalhaes, S.G., 2015. "Spin glass induced by infinitesimal disorder in geometrically frustrated kagome lattice," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 438(C), pages 416-423.
    21. Bin Gao & Tong Chen & Xiao-Chuan Wu & Michael Flynn & Chunruo Duan & Lebing Chen & Chien-Lung Huang & Jesse Liebman & Shuyi Li & Feng Ye & Matthew B. Stone & Andrey Podlesnyak & Douglas L. Abernathy &, 2023. "Diffusive excitonic bands from frustrated triangular sublattice in a singlet-ground-state system," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    22. Madalynn Marshall & Brianna R. Billingsley & Xiaojian Bai & Qianli Ma & Tai Kong & Huibo Cao, 2023. "Field-induced partial disorder in a Shastry-Sutherland lattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    23. Chi Ming Yim & Gesa-R. Siemann & Srdjan Stavrić & Seunghyun Khim & Izidor Benedičič & Philip A. E. Murgatroyd & Tommaso Antonelli & Matthew D. Watson & Andrew P. Mackenzie & Silvia Picozzi & Phil D. C, 2024. "Avoided metallicity in a hole-doped Mott insulator on a triangular lattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    24. Xu-Guang Zhou & Han Li & Yasuhiro H. Matsuda & Akira Matsuo & Wei Li & Nobuyuki Kurita & Gang Su & Koichi Kindo & Hidekazu Tanaka, 2023. "Possible intermediate quantum spin liquid phase in α-RuCl3 under high magnetic fields up to 100 T," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.

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