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Kagome qubit ice

Author

Listed:
  • Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  • Jack Raymond

    (D-Wave Quantum Inc.)

  • Kelly Boothby

    (D-Wave Quantum Inc.)

  • Juan Carrasquilla

    (University of Toronto
    University of Waterloo)

  • Cristiano Nisoli

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  • Andrew D. King

    (D-Wave Quantum Inc.)

Abstract

Topological phases of spin liquids with constrained disorder can host a kinetics of fractionalized excitations. However, spin-liquid phases with distinct kinetic regimes have proven difficult to observe experimentally. Here we present a realization of kagome spin ice in the superconducting qubits of a quantum annealer, and use it to demonstrate a field-induced kinetic crossover between spin-liquid phases. Employing fine control over local magnetic fields, we show evidence of both the Ice-I phase and an unconventional field-induced Ice-II phase. In the latter, a charge-ordered yet spin-disordered topological phase, the kinetics proceeds via pair creation and annihilation of strongly correlated, charge conserving, fractionalized excitations. As these kinetic regimes have resisted characterization in other artificial spin ice realizations, our results demonstrate the utility of quantum-driven kinetics in advancing the study of topological phases of spin liquids.

Suggested Citation

  • Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla & Jack Raymond & Kelly Boothby & Juan Carrasquilla & Cristiano Nisoli & Andrew D. King, 2023. "Kagome qubit ice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36760-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36760-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. C. Castelnovo & R. Moessner & S. L. Sondhi, 2008. "Magnetic monopoles in spin ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7174), pages 42-45, January.
    2. Leon Balents, 2010. "Spin liquids in frustrated magnets," Nature, Nature, vol. 464(7286), pages 199-208, March.
    3. Andrew D. King & Juan Carrasquilla & Jack Raymond & Isil Ozfidan & Evgeny Andriyash & Andrew Berkley & Mauricio Reis & Trevor Lanting & Richard Harris & Fabio Altomare & Kelly Boothby & Paul I. Bunyk , 2018. "Observation of topological phenomena in a programmable lattice of 1,800 qubits," Nature, Nature, vol. 560(7719), pages 456-460, August.
    4. Yann Perrin & Benjamin Canals & Nicolas Rougemaille, 2016. "Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in artificial square ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 540(7633), pages 410-413, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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