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Mesoscopic fluctuations in entanglement dynamics

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  • Lih-King Lim

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Cunzhong Lou

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Chushun Tian

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Understanding fluctuation phenomena plays a dominant role in the development of many-body physics. The time evolution of entanglement is essential to a broad range of subjects in many-body physics, ranging from exotic quantum matter to quantum thermalization. Stemming from various dynamical processes of information, fluctuations in entanglement evolution differ conceptually from out-of-equilibrium fluctuations of traditional physical quantities. Their studies remain elusive. Here we uncover an emergent random structure in the evolution of the many-body wavefunction in two classes of integrable—either interacting or noninteracting—lattice models. It gives rise to out-of-equilibrium entanglement fluctuations which fall into the paradigm of mesoscopic fluctuations of wave interference origin. Specifically, the entanglement entropy variance obeys a universal scaling law in each class, and the full distribution displays a sub-Gaussian upper and a sub-Gamma lower tail. These statistics are independent of both the system’s microscopic details and the choice of entanglement probes, and broaden the class of mesoscopic universalities. They have practical implications for controlling entanglement in mesoscopic devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Lih-King Lim & Cunzhong Lou & Chushun Tian, 2024. "Mesoscopic fluctuations in entanglement dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-46078-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46078-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marcos Rigol & Vanja Dunjko & Maxim Olshanii, 2008. "Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems," Nature, Nature, vol. 452(7189), pages 854-858, April.
    2. Joonhee Choi & Adam L. Shaw & Ivaylo S. Madjarov & Xin Xie & Ran Finkelstein & Jacob P. Covey & Jordan S. Cotler & Daniel K. Mark & Hsin-Yuan Huang & Anant Kale & Hannes Pichler & Fernando G. S. L. Br, 2023. "Preparing random states and benchmarking with many-body quantum chaos," Nature, Nature, vol. 613(7944), pages 468-473, January.
    3. Yuya O. Nakagawa & Masataka Watanabe & Hiroyuki Fujita & Sho Sugiura, 2018. "Universality in volume-law entanglement of scrambled pure quantum states," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
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