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Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems

Author

Listed:
  • Marcos Rigol

    (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
    University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA)

  • Vanja Dunjko

    (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
    University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA)

  • Maxim Olshanii

    (University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA)

Abstract

It is demonstrated that an isolated generic quantum many-body system does relax to a state well described by the standard statistical mechanical prescription. The thermalization happens at the level of individual eigenstates, allowing the computation of thermal averages from knowledge of any eigenstate in the microcanonical energy window.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcos Rigol & Vanja Dunjko & Maxim Olshanii, 2008. "Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems," Nature, Nature, vol. 452(7189), pages 854-858, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:452:y:2008:i:7189:d:10.1038_nature06838
    DOI: 10.1038/nature06838
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    Cited by:

    1. Lozano-Negro, Fabricio S. & Zangara, Pablo R. & Pastawski, Horacio M., 2021. "Ergodicity breaking in an incommensurate system observed by OTOCs and loschmidt echoes: From quantum diffusion to sub-diffusion," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    2. Lih-King Lim & Cunzhong Lou & Chushun Tian, 2024. "Mesoscopic fluctuations in entanglement dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. F. H. B. Somhorst & R. Meer & M. Correa Anguita & R. Schadow & H. J. Snijders & M. Goede & B. Kassenberg & P. Venderbosch & C. Taballione & J. P. Epping & H. H. Vlekkert & J. Timmerhuis & J. F. F. Bul, 2023. "Quantum simulation of thermodynamics in an integrated quantum photonic processor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Shayan Majidy, 2024. "Noncommuting charges can remove non-stationary quantum many-body dynamics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    5. Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao Dasari & Sen Yang & Arnab Chakrabarti & Amit Finkler & Gershon Kurizki & Jörg Wrachtrup, 2022. "Anti-Zeno purification of spin baths by quantum probe measurements," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    6. Lennart Dabelow & Peter Reimann, 2024. "Stalled response near thermal equilibrium in periodically driven systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    7. Filiberto Ares & Sara Murciano & Pasquale Calabrese, 2023. "Entanglement asymmetry as a probe of symmetry breaking," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Amos Chan & Saumya Shivam & David A. Huse & Andrea De Luca, 2022. "Many-body quantum chaos and space-time translational invariance," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    9. Liang Xiang & Jiachen Chen & Zitian Zhu & Zixuan Song & Zehang Bao & Xuhao Zhu & Feitong Jin & Ke Wang & Shibo Xu & Yiren Zou & Hekang Li & Zhen Wang & Chao Song & Alexander Yue & Justine Partridge & , 2024. "Enhanced quantum state transfer by circumventing quantum chaotic behavior," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    10. Garrahan, Juan P., 2018. "Aspects of non-equilibrium in classical and quantum systems: Slow relaxation and glasses, dynamical large deviations, quantum non-ergodicity, and open quantum dynamics," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 504(C), pages 130-154.
    11. Shraddha Sharma & Tanay Nag & Atanu Rajak & Souvik Bandyopadhyay & Sourav Bhattacharjee & Somnath Maity & Utso Bhattacharya, 2024. "Unquenched—a memoir on non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems: honoring Amit Dutta," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 97(7), pages 1-16, July.
    12. Takato Yoshimura & Lucas Sá, 2024. "Robustness of quantum chaos and anomalous relaxation in open quantum circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    13. Sourav Bhattacharjee & Souvik Bandyopadhyay & Anatoli Polkovnikov, 2024. "Sharp detection of the onset of Floquet heating using eigenstate sensitivity," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 97(10), pages 1-15, October.
    14. Stefan Birnkammer & Alvise Bastianello & Michael Knap, 2022. "Prethermalization in one-dimensional quantum many-body systems with confinement," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    15. Matsuyama, Kazue, 2021. "Loss of ergodicity in a quantum hopping model of a dense many body system with repulsive interactions," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 584(C).

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