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Gate-tunable superconducting diode effect in a three-terminal Josephson device

Author

Listed:
  • Mohit Gupta

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Gino V. Graziano

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Mihir Pendharkar

    (University of California Santa Barbara
    Stanford University)

  • Jason T. Dong

    (University of California Santa Barbara)

  • Connor P. Dempsey

    (University of California Santa Barbara)

  • Chris Palmstrøm

    (University of California Santa Barbara
    University of California Santa Barbara
    University of California Santa Barbara)

  • Vlad S. Pribiag

    (University of Minnesota)

Abstract

The phenomenon of non-reciprocal critical current in a Josephson device, termed the Josephson diode effect, has garnered much recent interest. Realization of the diode effect requires inversion symmetry breaking, typically obtained by spin-orbit interactions. Here we report observation of the Josephson diode effect in a three-terminal Josephson device based upon an InAs quantum well two-dimensional electron gas proximitized by an epitaxial aluminum superconducting layer. We demonstrate that the diode efficiency in our devices can be tuned by a small out-of-plane magnetic field or by electrostatic gating. We show that the Josephson diode effect in these devices is a consequence of the artificial realization of a current-phase relation that contains higher harmonics. We also show nonlinear DC intermodulation and simultaneous two-signal rectification, enabled by the multi-terminal nature of the devices. Furthermore, we show that the diode effect is an inherent property of multi-terminal Josephson devices, establishing an immediately scalable approach by which potential applications of the Josephson diode effect can be realized, agnostic to the underlying material platform. These Josephson devices may also serve as gate-tunable building blocks in designing topologically protected qubits.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohit Gupta & Gino V. Graziano & Mihir Pendharkar & Jason T. Dong & Connor P. Dempsey & Chris Palmstrøm & Vlad S. Pribiag, 2023. "Gate-tunable superconducting diode effect in a three-terminal Josephson device," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38856-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38856-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Roman-Pascal Riwar & Manuel Houzet & Julia S. Meyer & Yuli V. Nazarov, 2016. "Multi-terminal Josephson junctions as topological matter," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-5, September.
    2. Lorenz Bauriedl & Christian Bäuml & Lorenz Fuchs & Christian Baumgartner & Nicolas Paulik & Jonas M. Bauer & Kai-Qiang Lin & John M. Lupton & Takashi Taniguchi & Kenji Watanabe & Christoph Strunk & Ni, 2022. "Supercurrent diode effect and magnetochiral anisotropy in few-layer NbSe2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Gino V. Graziano & Mohit Gupta & Mihir Pendharkar & Jason T. Dong & Connor P. Dempsey & Chris Palmstrøm & Vlad S. Pribiag, 2022. "Selective control of conductance modes in multi-terminal Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Fuyuki Ando & Yuta Miyasaka & Tian Li & Jun Ishizuka & Tomonori Arakawa & Yoichi Shiota & Takahiro Moriyama & Youichi Yanase & Teruo Ono, 2020. "Observation of superconducting diode effect," Nature, Nature, vol. 584(7821), pages 373-376, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jae-Keun Kim & Kun-Rok Jeon & Pranava K. Sivakumar & Jaechun Jeon & Chris Koerner & Georg Woltersdorf & Stuart S. P. Parkin, 2024. "Intrinsic supercurrent non-reciprocity coupled to the crystal structure of a van der Waals Josephson barrier," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Marco Valentini & Oliver Sagi & Levon Baghumyan & Thijs Gijsel & Jason Jung & Stefano Calcaterra & Andrea Ballabio & Juan Aguilera Servin & Kushagra Aggarwal & Marian Janik & Thomas Adletzberger & Rub, 2024. "Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.

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