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Direct observation of a superconducting vortex diode

Author

Listed:
  • Alon Gutfreund

    (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • Hisakazu Matsuki

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Vadim Plastovets

    (University of Bordeaux)

  • Avia Noah

    (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • Laura Gorzawski

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Nofar Fridman

    (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • Guang Yang

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Alexander Buzdin

    (University of Bordeaux)

  • Oded Millo

    (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • Jason W. A. Robinson

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Yonathan Anahory

    (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

Abstract

The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity can lead to unconventional proximity and Josephson effects. A related phenomenon that has recently attracted considerable attention is the superconducting diode effect, in which a nonreciprocal critical current emerges. Although superconducting diodes based on superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) bilayers were demonstrated more than a decade ago, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. While not formally linked to this effect, the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinikov (FFLO) state is a plausible mechanism due to the twofold rotational symmetry breaking caused by the finite center-of-mass-momentum of the Cooper pairs. Here, we directly observe asymmetric vortex dynamics that uncover the mechanism behind the superconducting vortex diode effect in Nb/EuS (S/F) bilayers. Based on our nanoscale SQUID-on-tip (SOT) microscope and supported by in-situ transport measurements, we propose a theoretical model that captures our key results. The key conclusion of our model is that screening currents induced by the stray fields from the F layer are responsible for the measured nonreciprocal critical current. Thus, we determine the origin of the vortex diode effect, which builds a foundation for new device concepts.

Suggested Citation

  • Alon Gutfreund & Hisakazu Matsuki & Vadim Plastovets & Avia Noah & Laura Gorzawski & Nofar Fridman & Guang Yang & Alexander Buzdin & Oded Millo & Jason W. A. Robinson & Yonathan Anahory, 2023. "Direct observation of a superconducting vortex diode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-37294-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37294-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fuyuki Ando & Yuta Miyasaka & Tian Li & Jun Ishizuka & Tomonori Arakawa & Yoichi Shiota & Takahiro Moriyama & Youichi Yanase & Teruo Ono, 2020. "Observation of superconducting diode effect," Nature, Nature, vol. 584(7821), pages 373-376, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Clodoaldo Irineu Levartoski de Araujo & Pauli Virtanen & Maria Spies & Carmen González-Orellana & Samuel Kerschbaumer & Maxim Ilyn & Celia Rogero & Tero Tapio Heikkilä & Francesco Giazotto & Elia Stra, 2024. "Superconducting spintronic heat engine," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Shaowen Chen & Seunghyun Park & Uri Vool & Nikola Maksimovic & David A. Broadway & Mykhailo Flaks & Tony X. Zhou & Patrick Maletinsky & Ady Stern & Bertrand I. Halperin & Amir Yacoby, 2024. "Current induced hidden states in Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Fumiya Sekiguchi & Hideki Narita & Hideki Hirori & Teruo Ono & Yoshihiko Kanemitsu, 2024. "Anomalous behavior of critical current in a superconducting film triggered by DC plus terahertz current," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.

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