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The influence of passenger load, driving cycle, fuel price and different types of buses on the cost of transport service in the BRT system in Curitiba, Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Dennis Dreier

    (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

  • Semida Silveira

    (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

  • Dilip Khatiwada

    (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

  • Keiko V. O. Fonseca

    (Federal University of Technology – Paraná (UTFPR))

  • Rafael Nieweglowski

    (Volvo Bus Corporation)

  • Renan Schepanski

    (Volvo Bus Corporation)

Abstract

This study analyses the influence of passenger load, driving cycle, fuel price and four different types of buses on the cost of transport service for one bus rapid transit (BRT) route in Curitiba, Brazil. First, the energy use is estimated for different passenger loads and driving cycles for a conventional bi-articulated bus (ConvBi), a hybrid-electric two-axle bus (HybTw), a hybrid-electric articulated bus (HybAr) and a plug-in hybrid-electric two-axle bus (PlugTw). Then, the fuel cost and uncertainty are estimated considering the fuel price trends in the past. Based on this and additional cost data, replacement scenarios for the currently operated ConvBi fleet are determined using a techno-economic optimisation model. The lowest fuel cost ranges for the passenger load are estimated for PlugTw amounting to (0.198–0.289) USD/km, followed by (0.255–0.315) USD/km for HybTw, (0.298–0.375) USD/km for HybAr and (0.552–0.809) USD/km for ConvBi. In contrast, the coefficient of variation ($$C_{v}$$Cv) of the combined standard uncertainty is the highest for PlugTw ($$C_{v}$$Cv: 15–17%) due to stronger sensitivity to varying bus driver behaviour, whereas it is the least for ConvBi ($$C_{v}$$Cv: 8%). The scenario analysis shows that a complete replacement of the ConvBi fleet leads to considerable higher cost of transport service on the BRT route, amounting to an increase by 64% to 139%, depending on the bus fleet composition. Meanwhile, the service quality is improved resulting in 42% up to 64% less waiting time for passengers at a bus stop.

Suggested Citation

  • Dennis Dreier & Semida Silveira & Dilip Khatiwada & Keiko V. O. Fonseca & Rafael Nieweglowski & Renan Schepanski, 2019. "The influence of passenger load, driving cycle, fuel price and different types of buses on the cost of transport service in the BRT system in Curitiba, Brazil," Transportation, Springer, vol. 46(6), pages 2195-2242, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:transp:v:46:y:2019:i:6:d:10.1007_s11116-018-9925-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s11116-018-9925-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Timilsina,Govinda R. & Malla,Sunil, 2021. "Do Investments in Clean Technologies Reduce Production Costs ? Insights from the Literature," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9714, The World Bank.
    2. Kumar, Ashok & Singh, Dilip & Mahapatra, S.K., 2022. "Energy and carbon budgeting of the pearl millet-wheat cropping system for environmentally sustainable agricultural land use planning in the rainfed semi-arid agro-ecosystem of Aravalli foothills," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    3. Dennis Dreier & Björn Rudin & Mark Howells, 2020. "Comparison of management strategies for the charging schedule and all-electric operation of a plug-in hybrid-electric bi-articulated bus fleet," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 363-404, June.

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