IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v161y2016icp101-111.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Improving urban bus emission and fuel consumption modeling by incorporating passenger load factor for real world driving

Author

Listed:
  • Yu, Qian
  • Li, Tiezhu
  • Li, Hu

Abstract

Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) has been increasingly used as a good indicator for the instantaneous power demand on engines for real world driving in the field of vehicle emission and fuel consumption modeling. A fixed vehicle mass is normally used in VSP calculations. However, the influence of passenger load was always been neglected. The major objective of this paper is to quantify the influence of passenger load on diesel bus emissions and fuel consumption based on the real-world on-road emission data measured by the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) on urban diesel buses in Nanjing, China. Meanwhile, analyses are conducted to investigate whether passenger load affected the accuracy of emission and fuel consumption estimations based on VSP. The results show that the influence of passenger load on emission and fuel consumption rates were related to vehicle’s speed and acceleration. As for the distance-based factors, the influence of passenger load was not obvious when the buses were driving at a relative high speed. However the effects of passenger load were significant when the per-passenger factor was used. Per-passenger emission and fuel consumption factors decreased as the passenger load increased. It was also found that the influence of passenger load can be omitted in the emission and fuel consumption rate models at low and medium speed bins but has to be considered in the models for high speed and VSP bins. Otherwise it could lead to an error of up to 49%. The results from this research will improve the accuracy of urban bus emission and fuel consumption modeling and can be used to improve planning and management of city buses and thus achieve energy saving and emission reduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Qian & Li, Tiezhu & Li, Hu, 2016. "Improving urban bus emission and fuel consumption modeling by incorporating passenger load factor for real world driving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 101-111.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:161:y:2016:i:c:p:101-111
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.096
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261915012222
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.096?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Hu, Jingnan & Huang, Ruikun & Zhou, Yu & Bao, Xiaofeng & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2014. "Can Euro V heavy-duty diesel engines, diesel hybrid and alternative fuel technologies mitigate NOX emissions? New evidence from on-road tests of buses in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 118-126.
    2. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Liu, Huan & Huang, Ruikun & Yang, Liuhanzi & Li, Zhenhua & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2014. "Real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of urban public buses in Beijing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1645-1655.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sui, Yi & Zhang, Haoran & Shang, Wenlong & Sun, Rencheng & Wang, Changying & Ji, Jun & Song, Xuan & Shao, Fengjing, 2020. "Mining urban sustainable performance: Spatio-temporal emission potential changes of urban transit buses in post-COVID-19 future," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    2. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Lago Sari, Rafael & Tripathi, Shashwat, 2022. "Life cycle CO₂ footprint reduction comparison of hybrid and electric buses for bus transit networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Mustafi, Nirendra Nath, 2021. "Real-world automotive emissions: Monitoring methodologies, and control measures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    4. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2021. "Effects of passenger load, road grade, and congestion level on real-world fuel consumption and emissions from compressed natural gas and diesel urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    5. Li, Peilin & Zhao, Pengjun & Brand, Christian, 2018. "Future energy use and CO2 emissions of urban passenger transport in China: A travel behavior and urban form based approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 820-842.
    6. Wu, Tian & Han, Xiao & Zheng, M. Mocarlo & Ou, Xunmin & Sun, Hongbo & Zhang, Xiong, 2020. "Impact factors of the real-world fuel consumption rate of light duty vehicles in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    7. Ali Keyvanfar & Arezou Shafaghat & Nasiru Zakari Muhammad & M. Salim Ferwati, 2018. "Driving Behaviour and Sustainable Mobility—Policies and Approaches Revisited," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-27, April.
    8. Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Heidrich, Oliver, 2019. "Emissions from urban bus fleets running on biodiesel blends under real-world operating conditions: Implications for designing future case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 276-292.
    9. Wang, Hongfei & Guan, Hongzhi & Qin, Huanmei & Zhao, Pengfei, 2024. "Assessing the sustainability of time-dependent electric demand responsive transit service through deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    10. Bigazzi, Alexander, 2019. "Comparison of marginal and average emission factors for passenger transportation modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1460-1466.
    11. Xiaonian Shan & Xiaohong Chen & Wenjian Jia & Jianhong Ye, 2019. "Evaluating Urban Bus Emission Characteristics Based on Localized MOVES Using Sparse GPS Data in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, May.
    12. Yueru Xu & Chao Wang & Yuan Zheng & Zhuoqun Sun & Zhirui Ye, 2020. "A Model Tree-Based Vehicle Emission Model at Freeway Toll Plazas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    13. Lv, Zongyan & Wu, Lin & Yang, Zhiwen & Yang, Lei & Fang, Tiange & Mao, Hongjun, 2023. "Comparison on real-world driving emission characteristics of CNG, LNG and Hybrid-CNG buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    14. Ma, Xiaolei & Miao, Ran & Wu, Xinkai & Liu, Xianglong, 2021. "Examining influential factors on the energy consumption of electric and diesel buses: A data-driven analysis of large-scale public transit network in Beijing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    15. Yang, Haifei & Zhai, Xue & Zheng, Changjiang, 2018. "Effects of variable speed limits on traffic operation characteristics and environmental impacts under car-following scenarios: Simulations in the framework of Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 509(C), pages 567-577.
    16. Dennis Dreier & Semida Silveira & Dilip Khatiwada & Keiko V. O. Fonseca & Rafael Nieweglowski & Renan Schepanski, 2019. "The influence of passenger load, driving cycle, fuel price and different types of buses on the cost of transport service in the BRT system in Curitiba, Brazil," Transportation, Springer, vol. 46(6), pages 2195-2242, December.
    17. Shao, Shuai & Tan, Zhijia & Liu, Zhiyuan & Shang, Wenlong, 2022. "Balancing the GHG emissions and operational costs for a mixed fleet of electric buses and diesel buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    18. Feng Mao & Zhiheng Li & Kai Zhang, 2021. "A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions between Battery Electric Buses and Conventional Diesel Buses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.
    19. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2020. "Real-world fuel efficiency and emissions from an urban diesel bus engine under transient operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Un, Puikei & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Modeling real-world fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions with high resolution for light-duty passenger vehicles in a traffic populated city," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 461-471.
    2. Tong, Zheming & Chen, Yujiao & Malkawi, Ali & Liu, Zhu & Freeman, Richard B., 2016. "Energy saving potential of natural ventilation in China: The impact of ambient air pollution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 660-668.
    3. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2021. "Effects of passenger load, road grade, and congestion level on real-world fuel consumption and emissions from compressed natural gas and diesel urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    4. Lv, Zongyan & Wu, Lin & Yang, Zhiwen & Yang, Lei & Fang, Tiange & Mao, Hongjun, 2023. "Comparison on real-world driving emission characteristics of CNG, LNG and Hybrid-CNG buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    5. Qian Zhao & Wenke Huang & Mingwei Hu & Xiaoxiao Xu & Wenlin Wu, 2021. "Characterizing the Economic and Environmental Benefits of LNG Heavy-Duty Trucks: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-18, December.
    6. Guo, Jiadong & Ge, Yunshan & Hao, Lijun & Tan, Jianwei & Peng, Zihang & Zhang, Chuanzhen, 2015. "Comparison of real-world fuel economy and emissions from parallel hybrid and conventional diesel buses fitted with selective catalytic reduction systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 433-441.
    7. Zhou, Boya & Wu, Ye & Zhou, Bin & Wang, Renjie & Ke, Wenwei & Zhang, Shaojun & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Real-world performance of battery electric buses and their life-cycle benefits with respect to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 603-613.
    8. Wang, Renjie & Wu, Ye & Ke, Wenwei & Zhang, Shaojun & Zhou, Boya & Hao, Jiming, 2015. "Can propulsion and fuel diversity for the bus fleet achieve the win–win strategy of energy conservation and environmental protection?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 92-103.
    9. Yue, Xin & Wu, Ye & Hao, Jiming & Pang, Yuan & Ma, Yao & Li, Yi & Li, Boshi & Bao, Xiaofeng, 2015. "Fuel quality management versus vehicle emission control in China, status quo and future perspectives," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 87-98.
    10. Christos Keramydas & Georgios Papadopoulos & Leonidas Ntziachristos & Ting-Shek Lo & Kwok-Lam Ng & Hok-Lai Anson Wong & Carol Ka-Lok Wong, 2018. "Real-World Measurement of Hybrid Buses’ Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in a Metropolitan Urban Road Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, September.
    11. Ke, Wenwei & Zhang, Shaojun & He, Xiaoyi & Wu, Ye & Hao, Jiming, 2017. "Well-to-wheels energy consumption and emissions of electric vehicles: Mid-term implications from real-world features and air pollution control progress," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 367-377.
    12. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2020. "Real-world fuel efficiency and emissions from an urban diesel bus engine under transient operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    13. Sofia Dahlgren & Jonas Ammenberg, 2021. "Sustainability Assessment of Public Transport, Part II—Applying a Multi-Criteria Assessment Method to Compare Different Bus Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-30, January.
    14. Liyan Feng & Jun Zhai & Lei Chen & Wuqiang Long & Jiangping Tian & Bin Tang, 2017. "Increasing the application of gas engines to decrease China’s GHG emissions," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 839-861, August.
    15. Jing Gan & Linheng Li & Qiaojun Xiang & Bin Ran, 2020. "A Prediction Method of GHG Emissions for Urban Road Transportation Planning and Its Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    16. Salvo, Orlando de & Vaz de Almeida, Flávio G., 2019. "Influence of technologies on energy efficiency results of official Brazilian tests of vehicle energy consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 98-112.
    17. Ribau, João P. & Sousa, João M.C. & Silva, Carla M., 2015. "Reducing the carbon footprint of urban bus fleets using multi-objective optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 1089-1104.
    18. Liu, Bolan & Zhang, Fujun & Zhao, Changlu & An, Xiaohui & Pei, Haijun, 2016. "A novel lambda-based EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) modulation method for a turbocharged diesel engine under transient operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 521-530.
    19. Aderiana Mutheu Mbandi & Jan R. Böhnke & Dietrich Schwela & Harry Vallack & Mike R. Ashmore & Lisa Emberson, 2019. "Estimating On-Road Vehicle Fuel Economy in Africa: A Case Study Based on an Urban Transport Survey in Nairobi, Kenya," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-28, March.
    20. Cagri Un, 2023. "A Sustainable Approach to the Conversion of Waste into Energy: Landfill Gas-to-Fuel Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:161:y:2016:i:c:p:101-111. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.