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Unintended Maladaptation: How Agritourism Development Policies in Iran Have Increased Vulnerability to Climate Change

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  • Zabih-Allah Torabi

    (Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran)

  • Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir

    (Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran)

  • Colin Michael Hall

    (Department of Management, Marketing, and Tourism, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
    The College of Hotel & Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
    Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
    School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, 35195 Växjö, Sweden)

  • Neda Beiraghi Khatibi

    (Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran)

Abstract

Implementing appropriate policies is crucial for adapting the agricultural sector to climate change. However, adopting incorrect policies can exacerbate unsustainable development. Hence, this study investigated the unintended consequences of agritourism development policies as a climate change adaptation strategy in the villages of Shahrud, Iran. It demonstrated how such policies have inadvertently heightened farmers’ vulnerability to climate change impacts. Data were collected through 44 semi-structured interviews, which underwent thematic analysis to identify emerging patterns. The study’s findings indicate that the rapid expansion of Agritourism in Iran, aimed at addressing climate change, has failed to achieve its intended goals. Inadequate government support, increased supply, legal gaps, and lack of empowerment were identified as contributing factors leading to unsustainable development and financial losses. Consequently, smallholder farmers were found to harbor negative perceptions of agritourism and expressed dissatisfaction with existing policies. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive policies and support systems to facilitate the effective implementation of sustainable agritourism by stakeholders in Iran.

Suggested Citation

  • Zabih-Allah Torabi & Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir & Colin Michael Hall & Neda Beiraghi Khatibi, 2023. "Unintended Maladaptation: How Agritourism Development Policies in Iran Have Increased Vulnerability to Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:17:p:13003-:d:1227831
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    2. Chien-Tai Hsu & Yi-Chun Lin & Kai-Chao Yao & Pei-Chi Ma, 2024. "A Study on the Performance of B&B Operations Is Conducted in Sustainable Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-23, September.

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