IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i22p12379-d675516.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainable Electric Vehicle Transportation

Author

Listed:
  • Raymond Kene

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa)

  • Thomas Olwal

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa)

  • Barend J. van Wyk

    (Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa)

Abstract

The future direction of electric vehicle (EV) transportation in relation to the energy demand for charging EVs needs a more sustainable roadmap, compared to the current reliance on the centralised electricity grid system. It is common knowledge that the current state of electricity grids in the biggest economies of the world today suffer a perennial problem of power losses; and were not designed for the uptake and integration of the growing number of large-scale EV charging power demands from the grids. To promote sustainable EV transportation, this study aims to review the current state of research and development around this field. This study is significant to the effect that it accomplishes four major objectives. (1) First, the implication of large-scale EV integration to the electricity grid is assessed by looking at the impact on the distribution network. (2) Secondly, it provides energy management strategies for optimizing plug-in EVs load demand on the electricity distribution network. (3) It provides a clear direction and an overview on sustainable EV charging infrastructure, which is highlighted as one of the key factors that enables the promotion and sustainability of the EV market and transportation sector, re-engineered to support the United Nations Climate Change Agenda. Finally, a conclusion is made with some policy recommendations provided for the promotion of the electric vehicle market and widespread adoption in any economy of the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Raymond Kene & Thomas Olwal & Barend J. van Wyk, 2021. "Sustainable Electric Vehicle Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12379-:d:675516
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12379/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12379/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Foley, Aoife & Tyther, Barry & Calnan, Patrick & Ó Gallachóir, Brian, 2013. "Impacts of Electric Vehicle charging under electricity market operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 93-102.
    2. Fernandes, Camila & Frías, Pablo & Latorre, Jesús M., 2012. "Impact of vehicle-to-grid on power system operation costs: The Spanish case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 194-202.
    3. Kucevic, Daniel & Englberger, Stefan & Sharma, Anurag & Trivedi, Anupam & Tepe, Benedikt & Schachler, Birgit & Hesse, Holger & Srinivasan, Dipti & Jossen, Andreas, 2021. "Reducing grid peak load through the coordinated control of battery energy storage systems located at electric vehicle charging parks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    4. Phap Vu Minh & Sang Le Quang & Manh-Hai Pham, 2021. "Technical Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Different Solar Irradiation Conditions in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Calearo, Lisa & Marinelli, Mattia & Ziras, Charalampos, 2021. "A review of data sources for electric vehicle integration studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    6. Xu, Xiaodan & Aziz, H.M. Abdul & Liu, Haobing & Rodgers, Michael O. & Guensler, Randall, 2020. "A scalable energy modeling framework for electric vehicles in regional transportation networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Deshmukh, Swaraj Sanjay & Pearce, Joshua M., 2021. "Electric vehicle charging potential from retail parking lot solar photovoltaic awnings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 608-617.
    8. Daniel Betancur & Luis F. Duarte & Jesús Revollo & Carlos Restrepo & Andrés E. Díez & Idi A. Isaac & Gabriel J. López & Jorge W. González, 2021. "Methodology to Evaluate the Impact of Electric Vehicles on Electrical Networks Using Monte Carlo," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, February.
    9. Axsen, Jonn & Kurani, Kenneth S, 2010. "Anticipating plug-in hybrid vehicle energy impacts in California: Constructing consumer-informed recharge profiles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3h69n0cs, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    10. Jakov Topić & Branimir Škugor & Joško Deur, 2019. "Neural Network-Based Modeling of Electric Vehicle Energy Demand and All Electric Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, April.
    11. Novosel, T. & Perković, L. & Ban, M. & Keko, H. & Pukšec, T. & Krajačić, G. & Duić, N., 2015. "Agent based modelling and energy planning – Utilization of MATSim for transport energy demand modelling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P3), pages 466-475.
    12. Yvenn Amara-Ouali & Yannig Goude & Pascal Massart & Jean-Michel Poggi & Hui Yan, 2021. "A Review of Electric Vehicle Load Open Data and Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-35, April.
    13. Zhang, Shuo & Xiong, Rui & Sun, Fengchun, 2017. "Model predictive control for power management in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with a hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1654-1662.
    14. Idiano D’Adamo & Paolo Rosa, 2019. "A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-17, December.
    15. Xiang, Changle & Ding, Feng & Wang, Weida & He, Wei, 2017. "Energy management of a dual-mode power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on velocity prediction and nonlinear model predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 640-653.
    16. Leon Fidele Nishimwe H. & Sung-Guk Yoon, 2021. "Combined Optimal Planning and Operation of a Fast EV-Charging Station Integrated with Solar PV and ESS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    17. Ahmed Abdalrahman & Weihua Zhuang, 2017. "A Survey on PEV Charging Infrastructure: Impact Assessment and Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-25, October.
    18. Weiller, Claire, 2011. "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle impacts on hourly electricity demand in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3766-3778, June.
    19. Bin Ye & Jingjing Jiang & Lixin Miao & Peng Yang & Ji Li & Bo Shen, 2015. "Feasibility Study of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-19, November.
    20. Cedric De Cauwer & Wouter Verbeke & Thierry Coosemans & Saphir Faid & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2017. "A Data-Driven Method for Energy Consumption Prediction and Energy-Efficient Routing of Electric Vehicles in Real-World Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    21. Lazzeroni, Paolo & Olivero, Sergio & Repetto, Maurizio & Stirano, Federico & Vallet, Marc, 2019. "Optimal battery management for vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid operations in a residential case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 704-721.
    22. Mazzeo, Domenico, 2019. "Nocturnal electric vehicle charging interacting with a residential photovoltaic-battery system: a 3E (energy, economic and environmental) analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 310-331.
    23. Nusrat Chowdhury & Chowdhury Akram Hossain & Michela Longo & Wahiba Yaïci, 2018. "Optimization of Solar Energy System for the Electric Vehicle at University Campus in Dhaka, Bangladesh," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-10, September.
    24. Salah, Florian & Ilg, Jens P. & Flath, Christoph M. & Basse, Hauke & Dinther, Clemens van, 2015. "Impact of electric vehicles on distribution substations: A Swiss case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 88-96.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xiang Liao & Beibei Qian & Zhiqiang Jiang & Bo Fu & Hui He, 2023. "Integrated Energy Station Optimal Dispatching Using a Novel Many-Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Multiple Update Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Ona Egbue & Suzanna Long & Seong Dae Kim, 2022. "Resource Availability and Implications for the Development of Plug-In Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Ibrahim M. Hezam & Arunodaya Raj Mishra & Pratibha Rani & Fausto Cavallaro & Abhijit Saha & Jabir Ali & Wadim Strielkowski & Dalia Štreimikienė, 2022. "A Hybrid Intuitionistic Fuzzy-MEREC-RS-DNMA Method for Assessing the Alternative Fuel Vehicles with Sustainability Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-32, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Crossin, Enda & Doherty, Peter J.B., 2016. "The effect of charging time on the comparative environmental performance of different vehicle types," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 716-726.
    2. Jun Yang & Wanmeng Hao & Lei Chen & Jiejun Chen & Jing Jin & Feng Wang, 2016. "Risk Assessment of Distribution Networks Considering the Charging-Discharging Behaviors of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Yang, Zhile & Li, Kang & Foley, Aoife, 2015. "Computational scheduling methods for integrating plug-in electric vehicles with power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 396-416.
    4. Saxena, Samveg & Gopal, Anand & Phadke, Amol, 2014. "Electrical consumption of two-, three- and four-wheel light-duty electric vehicles in India," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 582-590.
    5. Zhu, Tao & Wills, Richard G.A. & Lot, Roberto & Ruan, Haijun & Jiang, Zhihao, 2021. "Adaptive energy management of a battery-supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles based on flexible perception and neural network fitting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    6. Graabak, Ingeborg & Wu, Qiuwei & Warland, Leif & Liu, Zhaoxi, 2016. "Optimal planning of the Nordic transmission system with 100% electric vehicle penetration of passenger cars by 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 648-660.
    7. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo, 2020. "Actors, business models, and innovation activity systems for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    8. Muhammad Naveed Iqbal & Lauri Kütt & Matti Lehtonen & Robert John Millar & Verner Püvi & Anton Rassõlkin & Galina L. Demidova, 2021. "Travel Activity Based Stochastic Modelling of Load and Charging State of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, February.
    9. Daina, Nicolò & Sivakumar, Aruna & Polak, John W., 2017. "Modelling electric vehicles use: a survey on the methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 447-460.
    10. Fengqi Zhang & Lihua Wang & Serdar Coskun & Hui Pang & Yahui Cui & Junqiang Xi, 2020. "Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Review, Classification, Comparison, and Outlook," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-35, June.
    11. Schill, Wolf-Peter & Gerbaulet, Clemens, 2015. "Power System Impacts of Electric Vehicles in Germany: Charging with Coal or Renewables," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 156, pages 185-196.
    12. Ensslen, Axel & Ringler, Philipp & Dörr, Lasse & Jochem, Patrick & Zimmermann, Florian & Fichtner, Wolf, 2018. "Incentivizing smart charging: Modeling charging tariffs for electric vehicles in German and French electricity markets," MPRA Paper 91543, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Feb 2018.
    13. Strobel, Leo & Schlund, Jonas & Pruckner, Marco, 2022. "Joint analysis of regional and national power system impacts of electric vehicles—A case study for Germany on the county level in 2030," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    14. Qun Niu & Kecheng Jiang & Zhile Yang, 2019. "An Improved, Negatively Correlated Search for Solving the Unit Commitment Problem’s Integration with Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-21, December.
    15. Liu, Ke & Liu, Yanli, 2023. "Stochastic user equilibrium based spatial-temporal distribution prediction of electric vehicle charging load," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    16. Davies, Jamie & Kurani, Kenneth S., 2013. "Moving from assumption to observation: Implications for energy and emissions impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 550-560.
    17. Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying, 2016. "Optimal vehicle to grid planning and scheduling using double layer multi-objective algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1060-1073.
    18. Jian, Linni & Zheng, Yanchong & Xiao, Xinping & Chan, C.C., 2015. "Optimal scheduling for vehicle-to-grid operation with stochastic connection of plug-in electric vehicles to smart grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 150-161.
    19. Muhammad Naveed Iqbal & Lauri Kütt & Kamran Daniel & Bilal Asad & Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi, 2021. "Estimation of Harmonic Emission of Electric Vehicles and Their Impact on Low Voltage Residential Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
    20. Xydas, Erotokritos & Marmaras, Charalampos & Cipcigan, Liana M. & Jenkins, Nick & Carroll, Steve & Barker, Myles, 2016. "A data-driven approach for characterising the charging demand of electric vehicles: A UK case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 763-771.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12379-:d:675516. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.