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Hydrogen—An Alternative Fuel for Automotive Diesel Engines Used in Transportation

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandru Cernat

    (Department of Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Frigorific Equipment, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Constantin Pana

    (Department of Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Frigorific Equipment, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Niculae Negurescu

    (Department of Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Frigorific Equipment, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Gheorghe Lazaroiu

    (Department of Energy Generation and Use, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Cristian Nutu

    (Department of Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Frigorific Equipment, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Dinu Fuiorescu

    (Department of Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Frigorific Equipment, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

Considering the current environmental restrictions, particularly those imposed on fossil fuel exploitation, hydrogen stands out as a very promising alternative for the power and transportation sectors. This paper investigates the effects of the employment of hydrogen in a K9K automotive diesel engine. Experiments were conducted at a speed of 2000 min −1 with various engine load levels of 40%, 55%, 70%, and 85%; several quantities were monitored to evaluate the performance with hydrogen use in terms of brake-specific energetic consumption (BSEC), fuel economy, maximum pressure, and heat-release characteristics. It was found that at 55% engine load, the engine efficiency increased by 5.3% with hydrogen addition, achieving a diesel fuel economy of 1.32 kg/h. The rate of increase of the peak pressure and maximum pressure started to increase as a consequence of the higher fuel quantity that burned in the premixed combustion phase, while still remaining within reliable operational limits. The accelerated combustion and augmented heat release rate resulted in a combustion duration that was reduced by 3° CA (crank angle degree), achieving a mass fraction burned percentage of 10% to 90% earlier in the cycle, and the combustion variability was also influenced. Hydrogen use assured the decrease of CO 2 , HC, NO x , and smoke emission levels in comparison with classic fueling.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandru Cernat & Constantin Pana & Niculae Negurescu & Gheorghe Lazaroiu & Cristian Nutu & Dinu Fuiorescu, 2020. "Hydrogen—An Alternative Fuel for Automotive Diesel Engines Used in Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:22:p:9321-:d:442699
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caroline Rodrigues Vaz & Tania Regina Shoeninger Rauen & Álvaro Guillermo Rojas Lezana, 2017. "Sustainability and Innovation in the Automotive Sector: A Structured Content Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Federico Millo & Andrea Piano & Benedetta Peiretti Paradisi & Mario Rocco Marzano & Andrea Bianco & Francesco C. Pesce, 2020. "Development and Assessment of an Integrated 1D-3D CFD Codes Coupling Methodology for Diesel Engine Combustion Simulation and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Fuquan Zhao & Kangda Chen & Han Hao & Zongwei Liu, 2020. "Challenges, Potential and Opportunities for Internal Combustion Engines in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
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    1. Pham, Quangkhai & Park, Sungwook & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Park, Suhan, 2022. "Review of dual-fuel combustion in the compression-ignition engine: Spray, combustion, and emission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    2. Mohsen Fallah Vostakola & Babak Salamatinia & Bahman Amini Horri, 2022. "A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-41, February.
    3. Jia, Hekun & Jian, Yi & Yin, Bifeng & Yang, Junfeng & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2023. "Experimental study on the combustion, emissions and fuel consumption of elliptical nozzle diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    4. Alexandru Cernat & Constantin Pana & Niculae Negurescu & Gheorghe Lazaroiu & Cristian Nutu, 2020. "The Influence of Hydrogen on Vaporization, Mixture Formation and Combustion of Diesel Fuel at an Automotive Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Pieter W. M. Vasbinder & Antoine W. G. de Vries & Wim Westerman, 2021. "Hydrogen Infrastructure Project Risks in The Netherlands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Chi, Yuanying & Xu, Weiyue & Xiao, Meng & Wang, Zhengzao & Zhang, Xufeng & Chen, Yahui, 2023. "Fuel-cycle based environmental and economic assessment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    7. Krzysztof Biernat & Izabela Samson-Bręk & Zdzisław Chłopek & Marlena Owczuk & Anna Matuszewska, 2021. "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Using Methane Fuels to Supply Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, June.
    8. Qiang Cheng & Zeeshan Ahmad & Ossi Kaario & Ville Vuorinen & Martti Larmi, 2022. "Effect of Hydrogen Enhancement on Natural Flame Luminosity of Tri-Fuel Combustion in an Optical Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, November.
    9. Nyangon, Joseph & Darekar, Ayesha, 2024. "Advancements in hydrogen energy systems: A review of levelized costs, financial incentives and technological innovations," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(3).
    10. Zhou, Jianzhao & Ayub, Yousaf & Shi, Tao & Ren, Jingzheng & He, Chang, 2024. "Sustainable co-valorization of medical waste and biomass waste: Innovative process design, optimization and assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    11. Kamil Wróbel & Justyna Wróbel & Wojciech Tokarz & Jakub Lach & Katarzyna Podsadni & Andrzej Czerwiński, 2022. "Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-13, November.

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