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Formulating and Optimizing a Novel Biochar-Based Fertilizer for Simultaneous Slow-Release of Nitrogen and Immobilization of Cadmium

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  • Lu Chen

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Qincheng Chen

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Pinhua Rao

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)

  • Lili Yan

    (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)

  • Alghashm Shakib

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

  • Guoqing Shen

    (School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and optimize a novel biochar-based fertilizer composed of rice husk biochar and urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP), which can simultaneously slowly release nitrogen and immobilize cadmium (Cd). Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize the fertilizer formulation with the lowest nitrogen release rate. Under the optimized conditions, the cumulative nitrogen release rate of the biochar-based fertilizer was 17.63%, which was significantly lower than that of ordinary fertilizer. Elementary analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy proved that UHP attached to the porous structures of the biochar. The adsorption test showed that the adsorption of Cd onto biochar-based fertilizer quickly reached equilibrium with an equilibrium adsorbing quantity ( Q e ) of 6.3279 mg·g −1 with an initial concentration of 10 mg·L −1 . Compared to original biochar, the Cd immobilization ability of biochar-based fertilizer was significantly better. The adsorption of Cd on biochar-based fertilizer is mainly based on a monolayer adsorption behavior. Finally, improved crop growth was demonstrated by pot experiments, which showed a significant increase in the biomass of cabbage. The concept and findings presented in this study may be used as references in developing a novel biochar-based fertilizer for simultaneously enhancing crop yield and reducing environmental risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu Chen & Qincheng Chen & Pinhua Rao & Lili Yan & Alghashm Shakib & Guoqing Shen, 2018. "Formulating and Optimizing a Novel Biochar-Based Fertilizer for Simultaneous Slow-Release of Nitrogen and Immobilization of Cadmium," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:8:p:2740-:d:161753
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jack P. C. Kleijnen, 2015. "Response Surface Methodology," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Michael C Fu (ed.), Handbook of Simulation Optimization, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 81-104, Springer.
    2. Modabber Ahmed Khan & Ki-Wook Kim & Wang Mingzhi & Bu-Kug Lim & Weon-Hee Lee & Jong-Yoon Lee, 2008. "Nutrient-impregnated charcoal: an environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 231-235, September.
    3. Li, Yanmei & Sun, Yanxin & Liao, Shangqiang & Zou, Guoyuan & Zhao, Tongke & Chen, Yanhua & Yang, Jungang & Zhang, Lin, 2017. "Effects of two slow-release nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation on yield, quality, and water-fertilizer productivity of greenhouse tomato," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 139-146.
    4. Linlin Si & Yinan Xie & Qingxu Ma & Lianghuan Wu, 2018. "The Short-Term Effects of Rice Straw Biochar, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Soil Properties in a Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Das, Shaon Kumar & Ghosh, Goutam Kumar, 2022. "Hydrogel-biochar composite for agricultural applications and controlled release fertilizer: A step towards pollution free environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    2. Shakib Alghashm & Shiying Qian & Yinfeng Hua & Jian Wu & Haitao Zhang & Weihua Chen & Guoqing Shen, 2018. "Properties of Biochar from Anaerobically Digested Food Waste and Its Potential Use in Phosphorus Recovery and Soil Amendment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Valdas Rudelis & Tadas Dambrauskas & Agne Grineviciene & Kestutis Baltakys, 2019. "The Prospective Approach for the Reduction of Fluoride Ions Mobility in Industrial Waste by Creating Products of Commercial Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Siong-Chin Chua & Fai-Kait Chong & M. A. Malek & Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa & Norli Ismail & Wawan Sujarwo & Jun-Wei Lim & Yeek-Chia Ho, 2020. "Optimized Use of Ferric Chloride and Sesbania Seed Gum (SSG) as Sustainable Coagulant Aid for Turbidity Reduction in Drinking Water Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-13, March.

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