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Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes in Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study

Author

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  • Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria

    (Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru)

  • Beltran Villarreal-Rao

    (Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru)

  • Matilde Luna

    (Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru)

  • Wendoline Rojas-Mendoza

    (Departamento de Salud Mental, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru)

  • Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz

    (Neurociencia, Efectividad Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru)

  • David Villarreal-Zegarra

    (Dirección de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima 15046, Peru)

  • Ana L. Vilela-Estrada

    (Dirección de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima 15046, Peru)

  • Samantha Ramírez

    (Independent Researcher, Lima 15001, Peru)

Abstract

Background: We investigated some of the factors associated with depression, perceived stress, and anxiety in clinical and nonclinical healthcare workers of two hospitals. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used. The sample included clinical (physicians, nurses, and others) and nonclinical (security and cleaning staff) healthcare workers of two tertiary hospitals in Peru. Participants completed an online self-survey. In the qualitative analysis, data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: We analyzed data from 613 participants, of which 8.6%, 9.0%, and 78.2% had moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, and perceived stress, respectively. Having a previous mental health problem, being concerned about losing one’s job, having at least two COVID-19 symptoms in the preceding two weeks, and being afraid of infecting family members increased the prevalence of experiencing moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety. The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify five recurring factors that caused a negative impact on workers’ lives during the pandemic: emotional distress linked to hospital experiences of suffering and death, modification of routines, fear of COVID-19, exacerbation of mental disorders, and physical problems associated with emotional distress. Conclusions: Clinical and nonclinical healthcare workers in Peru have experienced depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research and interventions are necessary to improve psychological support for hospital workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria & Beltran Villarreal-Rao & Matilde Luna & Wendoline Rojas-Mendoza & Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz & David Villarreal-Zegarra & Ana L. Vilela-Estrada & Samantha Ramírez, 2022. "Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes in Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5346-:d:804046
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stacy M. Carter & Patti Shih & Jane Williams & Chris Degeling & Julie Mooney-Somers, 2021. "Conducting Qualitative Research Online: Challenges and Solutions," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 14(6), pages 711-718, November.
    2. Yasuhiro Kotera & Akihiko Ozaki & Hirotomo Miyatake & Chie Tsunetoshi & Yoshitaka Nishikawa & Makoto Kosaka & Tetsuya Tanimoto, 2022. "Qualitative Investigation into the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Roberta Gasparro & Cristiano Scandurra & Nelson Mauro Maldonato & Pasquale Dolce & Vincenzo Bochicchio & Alessandra Valletta & Gilberto Sammartino & Pasquale Sammartino & Mauro Mariniello & Alessandro, 2020. "Perceived Job Insecurity and Depressive Symptoms among Italian Dentists: The Moderating Role of Fear of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-12, July.
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    1. Roberto Carlos Dávila Morán & Eucaris del Carmen Agüero Corzo & Juan Manuel Sánchez Soto & Henri Emmanuel López Gómez, 2022. "Impact of Teleworking on the Health and Well-Being of Peruvian Workers in Times of Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.

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