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Chronic Cadmium Exposure and Genetic Polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a Population Exposed to Steel Slag in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Jamila A. Perini

    (Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas—LAPESF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil)

  • Mayara C. da Silva

    (Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas—LAPESF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil)

  • Lorena V. Correa

    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil)

  • Yasmin M. Silva

    (Laboratório de Pesquisa de Ciências Farmacêuticas—LAPESF, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil)

  • Renato M. Borges

    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil)

  • Maria de Fátima R. Moreira

    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil)

Abstract

Genetic polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) family genes may be associated with cadmium (Cd) levels and its adverse effects. This study investigated the impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 polymorphisms on Cd levels in 238 residents of a condominium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, built over an industrial steel slag waste. Polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan validated assays, and the Cd levels were measured in blood (BCd) and urine (UCd) samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. Associations were evaluated by linear correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression, using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Mean age was 50 ± 15 years; 58% were female, 69% non-smokers. Mean concentrations for BCd and UCd were 0.70 ± 0.2 μg L −1 and 0.56 ± 0.55 μg L −1 , respectively. Smoking status was associated with BCd ≥ 0.70 μg L −1 (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6–5.9). MMP-9 rs17576 A > G was associated with BCd ≥ 0.70 μg L −1 (OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.10–4.05) and UCd ≥ 0.56 μg L −1 (OR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.82–7.65). Knowing possible individual predisposing factors is essential to understand Cd toxicity, and to improve the monitoring of high-risk populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamila A. Perini & Mayara C. da Silva & Lorena V. Correa & Yasmin M. Silva & Renato M. Borges & Maria de Fátima R. Moreira, 2022. "Chronic Cadmium Exposure and Genetic Polymorphisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a Population Exposed to Steel Slag in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15304-:d:977847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giuseppe Genchi & Maria Stefania Sinicropi & Graziantonio Lauria & Alessia Carocci & Alessia Catalano, 2020. "The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, May.
    2. Jamila Alessandra Perini & Mayara Calixto Silva & Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos & Paulo Victor Sousa Viana & Marcelo Oliveira Lima & Iracina Maura Jesus & Joseph William Kempton & Rogério Adas , 2021. "Genetic Polymorphism of Delta Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase ( ALAD ) Gene and Symptoms of Chronic Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Children within the Brazilian Amazon," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.
    3. HyeJeong Jo & GeunBae Kim & JunYoung Chang & Kwan Lee & ChulWoo Lee & BoEun Lee, 2021. "Chronic Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in Residents Living near a Zinc Smelter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Patricia Richter & Obaid Faroon & R. Steven Pappas, 2017. "Cadmium and Cadmium/Zinc Ratios and Tobacco-Related Morbidities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, September.
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